ISO9001中英文对照共24页.docx

1、ISO9001中英文对照共24页引言要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 0.1 General 唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医

2、学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 总则“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学

3、习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 The adoption of a quality management system should be a strategic decision of a

4、n organization. The design and implementation of an organizations quality management system is influenced by a) its organizational environment, changes in that environment, and the risks associated with that environment, b) its varying needs, c) its particular objectives, d) the products it provides

5、, e) the processes it employs, f) its size and organizational structure. 采用质量管理体系应当是组织的一项战略性决策。一个组织质量管理体系的设计和实施受下列因素的影响：a) 组织的业务环境、该环境的变化或与该环境有关的风险，b) 组织的不同需求，c) 组织的特定目标，d) 所提供的产品，e) 所采用的过程，f) 组织的规模和组织结构。It is not the intent of this International Standard to imply uniformity in the structure of qual

6、ity management systems or uniformity of documentation. 统一质量管理体系的结构或文件不是本标准的目的。The quality management system requirements specified in this International Standard are complementary to requirements for products. Information marked “NOTE” is for guidance in understanding or clarifying the associated re

7、quirement. 本标准所规定的质量管理体系要求是对产品要求的补充。“注”是帮助理解、澄清有关要求的参考性信息。This International Standard can be used by internal and external parties, including certification bodies, to assess theorganizations ability to meet customer, statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to the product, and the organizati

8、ons own requirements. 本标准能用于内部和外部各方（包括认证机构）评定组织满足顾客要求、适用的产品的法律法规要求和组织自身要求的能力。The quality management principles stated in ISO 9000 and ISO 9004 have been taken into consideration during the development of this International Standard. 本标准的制定已经考虑了ISO 9000和ISO 9004中所阐明的质量管理原则。0.2 Process approach 过程方法Th

9、is International Standard promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements. 本标准鼓励在建立、实施质量管理体系以及改进其有效性时采用过程方法，旨在通过满足顾客要求，增强顾客满意。For an organizatio

10、n to function effectively, it has to determine and manage numerous linked activities. An activity or set of activities using resources, and managed in order to enable the transformation of inputs into outputs, can be considered as a process. Often the output from one process directly forms the input

11、 to the next. 为使组织有效运行，需确定和管理众多相互关联的活动。通过使用资源和实施管理，将输入转化为输出的一项或一组活动，可以视为一个过程。通常，一个过程的输出可直接形成下一个过程的输入。The application of a system of processes within an organization, together with the identification and interactions of these processes, and their management to produce the desired outcome, can be refe

12、rred to as the “process approach”. 为了产生期望的结果，组织内诸过程组成的系统的应用，连同这些过程的识别和相互作用，以及对这些过程的管理，可称之为“过程方法”。An advantage of the process approach is the ongoing control that it provides over the linkage between the individual processes within the system of processes, as well as over their combination and intera

13、ction. 过程方法的一个优点就是实现了对过程系统中单个过程之间的联系以及过程的组合和相互作用进行连续的控制。When used within a quality management system, such an approach emphasizes the importance of a) understanding and meeting requirements, b) the need to consider processes in terms of added value, c) obtaining results of process performance and ef

14、fectiveness, and d) continual improvement of processes based on objective measurement. 在质量管理体系中应用过程方法时，该方法强调以下方面的重要性：a) 理解和满足要求；b) 需要从增值的角度考虑过程；c) 获得过程绩效和有效性的结果；d) 基于客观的测量，持续改进过程。The model of a process-based quality management system shown in Figure 1 illustrates the process linkages presented in Cl

15、auses 4 to 8. This illustration shows that customers play a significant role in defining requirements as inputs. Monitoring of customer satisfaction requires the evaluation of information relating to customer perception as to whether the organization has met the customer requirements. The model show

16、n in Figure 1 covers all the requirements of this International Standard, but does not show processes at a detailed level. 图1所反映的以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式展示了48章中所提出的过程联系。该展示反映了在规定输入要求时，顾客起着重要的作用。对顾客满意的监视要求对顾客关于组织是否已满足其要求的感受的信息进行评价。该模式虽覆盖了本标准的所有要求，但却未详细地反映各过程。NOTE In addition, the methodology known as “Plan-Do

17、-Check-Act” (PDCA) can be applied to all processes. PDCA can be briefly described as follows. Plan: establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with customer requirements and the organizations policies. Do: implement the processes. Check: monitor and measure pro

18、cesses and product against policies, objectives and requirements for the product and report the results. Act: take actions to continually improve process performance. 注：此外，称之为“PDCA”的方法可适用于所有过程。PDCA 模式可简述如下：P策划：根据顾客的要求和组织的方针，建立实现结果所必需的目标和过程；D做：实施过程；C检查：根据方针、目标和产品要求，对过程和产品进行监视和测量，并报告结果；A处置：采取措施，以持续改进过

19、程绩效。图释Value-adding activities 增值活动Information flow 信息流Figure 1 Model of a process-based quality management system 图1 以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004 与ISO 9004 的关系ISO 9001 and ISO 9004 are quality management system standards which have been designed to complement each other, but can als

20、o be used independently. ISO 9001 和ISO 9004 都是质量管理体系标准，这两项标准相互补充，但也可单独使用。ISO 9001 specifies requirements for a quality management system that can be used for internal application by organizations, or for certification, or for contractual purposes. It focuses on the effectiveness of the quality manag

21、ement system in meeting customer requirements. ISO 9001 规定了质量管理体系要求，可供组织内部使用，也可用于认证或合同目的。ISO 9001 所关注的是质量管理体系在满足顾客要求方面的有效性。At the time of publication of this International Standard, ISO 9004 is under revision. The revised edition of ISO 9004 will provide guidance to management for achieving sustaine

22、d success for any organization in a complex, demanding, and ever changing, environment. ISO 9004 provides a wider focus on quality management than ISO 9001; it addresses the needs and expectations of all interested parties and their satisfaction, by the systematic and continual improvement of the or

23、ganizations performance. However, it is not intended for certification, regulatory or contractual use. 与ISO 9001 相比，ISO 9004 对质量管理体系更宽范围的目标提供了指南，除了有效性，该标准还特别关注持续改进一个组织的总体绩效与效率。对于最高管理者希望超越ISO 9001 要求，追求绩效持续改进的那些组织，推荐ISO 9004 作为指南。然而，用于认证或合同不是ISO 9004 的目的。0.4 Compatibility with other management system

24、s 与其他管理体系的相容性During the development of this International Standard, due consideration was given to the provisions of ISO 14001:2019 to enhance the compatibility of the two standards for the benefit of the user community. Annex A shows the correspondence between ISO 9001:2019 and ISO 14001:2019. 为了使用

25、者的便利，本标准在制定过程中适当考虑了ISO 14001:2019 标准的内容，以增强两个标准的相容性。附录A 表明了ISO 9001:2019 与ISO 14001:2019 之间的对应关系。This International Standard does not include requirements specific to other management systems, such as those particular to environmental management, occupational health and safety management, financial

26、management or risk management. However, this International Standard enables an organization to align or integrate its own quality management system with related management system requirements. It is possible for an organization to adapt its existing management system(s) in order to establish a quali

27、ty management system that complies with the requirements of this International Standard. 本标准不包括针对其他管理体系的特定要求，例如环境管理、职业健康与安全管理、财务管理或风险管理有关的特定要求。然而本标准使组织能够将自身的质量管理体系与相关的管理体系要求结合或一体化。组织为了建立符合本标准要求的质量管理体系，可能会改变现行的管理体系。Quality management systems Requirements 质量管理体系要求1 Scope 范围1.1 General 总则This Internati

28、onal Standard specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization 本标准为有下列需求的组织规定了质量管理体系要求：a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide product that meets customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and b) aims to enhance customer satisfactio

29、n through the effective application of the system, including processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. a) 需要证实其有能力稳定地提供满足顾客和适用的法律法规要求的产品；b) 通过体系的有效应用，包括体系持续改进的过程以及保证符合顾客与适用的法律法规要求，旨在增强顾客满意。NOTE

30、1 In this International Standard, the term “product” only applies to a) product intended for, or required by, a customer, b) any intended output resulting from the product realization processes. 注1：在本标准中，术语“产品”仅适用于a) 预期提供给顾客或顾客所要求的产品，b) 产品实现过程所产生的任何预期输出。NOTE 2 Statutory and regulatory requirements c

31、an be expressed as legal requirements. 注2：法律法规要求可称作法定要求。1.2 Application 应用All requirements of this International Standard are generic and are intended to be applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size and product provided. 本标准规定的所有要求是通用的，旨在适用于各种类型、不同规模和提供不同产品的组织。Where any requirement(s

32、) of this International Standard cannot be applied due to the nature of an organization and its product, this can be considered for exclusion. 当本标准的任何要求由于组织及其产品的特点不适用时，可以考虑对其进行删减。Where exclusions are made, claims of conformity to this International Standard are not acceptable unless these exclusions are limited to requirements within Clause 7, and such exclusions do not affect the organizations ability, or responsibility, to provide product that meets customer and applic