主谓一致.docx

1、主谓一致Apr. 2nd. 2009 主谓一致 英语的主谓一致包括时态一致,逻辑主语和实际主语一致, 反意疑问句中的一致等.处理主谓一致的三个原则语法一致,意义一致和就近原则.一, 语法一致原则1)主语是单数，谓语也要用单数; 主语复数,谓语也要用复数,不受修饰词的影响.The results of the research are to be published soon.The theory advanced by these scientists is quite convincing.What are his views on this subject?The suggestion p

2、ut forward by the girls has been accepted. 2) 短语, 从句做主语时,谓语用单数Smoking is harmful to your health.Training astronauts is not easy task.That she opposes these ideas is quite natural.Whether he will come or not is uncertain.Going there alone is not wise.To become a doctor is her dream.3)当主语是and连接的两个时,若指

3、其中一个（若两项是一个整体）时谓语用单数，当指两项时,谓语用复数.Iron and steel industry plays an important role in our national economy.The food and textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.To try and fail is better than not to try at all.4) 主语是单数，尽管后面跟着with, together, as well as, except, but等组成的短语,谓语仍单数.Joh

4、n, together with his wife, is at the party.Lily as well as Helen is playing volleyball.Everybody except Tim speaks some Chinese.No one but myself knows anything about it.5) 一些代词做主语时的谓语A) some, any, every, no构成的代词(someone, somebody, something; anyone, anybody, anything; everyone, everybody, everythin

5、g; no one, nobody, nothing等)做主语时,谓语用单数; / each, either, neither, no one, one of, many a(+名词单数), more than one+名词单数;/ whatever, whoever等主语时, 谓语动词用单数.Two boys entered the room. Each was carrying a suitcase.Somebody wants to see you, sir.Either of these buses goes past the university. More than one per

6、son is involved in this.* more+名词复数+than one 结构做主语时谓语用复数.More members than one have protested against the proposal.B) both, some, many, few, all(of them)做主语时谓语一般用复数.Both (of them) are English.Many are for going by plane. Be for(同意，赞成)Some workers are still out of work.Few of my friends like swimming

7、.Few/a few+名词复数little/a little+名词单数二, 意义一致原则意义一致指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表示的意义,而不是取决于其形式.1) 当主语为集体名词及某些其他名词(s结尾的名词，学科名称,单复数同形名词等), 谓语单复数要遵从意义一致原则.Measles is a contagious disease.Mathematics is one of the required subjects in all schools.2)表示度量, 时间的名词词组往往可以作为一个整体来看，谓语动词通常为单数. Ten dollars is more than I expecte

8、d.Thirty people is a big group.Three weeks is a long time.3) all, most, some, half, none, what, who, the rest, the remainder做主语时, 谓语的单复数取决于这些词的意义; 当这些词后面跟of+名词时, 谓语的单复数取决于后续的名词和意义。All goes well. (抽象)All were silent. (具体的个体)Most of his time is spent traveling.Most of his students come from south Chin

9、a.None of the jobs is/are suitable for me.All the jobs are not 4) a lot of, lots of, a pair of, a part of, a group of, a number of, an average of, the majority of, a total of等加名词或代词做主语时, 谓语的单复数取决于名词和代词的单复数.Part of the story is not true.A part of the apples are bad.The majority of the damage is easy

10、to repair.The majority of students are in favor of his proposal.三, 就近原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近它的词语。1)当两个或两个以上的主语由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not only.but also等连接时,谓语的单复数由临近它的名词决定.Neither Mr. Smith nor I myself am able to persuade the principle to change his mind.One or two reasons were suggested.

11、2)当There be+并列主语中，谓语动词的数通常与临近它的主语一致.There are two books, some paper, a dictionary on the desk.Exercise: 1 Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A is B are C was D were2 Either dye or oil paints_ to color cloth.A is used B be used C are used D was used3 Another five weeks _ necessary for u

12、s to finish the work.A are B was C is D will have been4 What they have done_ useful to people.A are considered B is consideredC have been considered D will be considered5 Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _ to arrive on the evening flight.A are B are going to C is D will be6 Either of

13、them _ to go.A are B is C have D will7 Five multiplied by three_ fifteen.A is equal B equals with C equals D equals to (*equal 的用法)8 The number of students in the class _ small.A are B have been C become D is9 A number of students _ for the lessons to begin now.A is waiting B are waiting C waits D w

14、aited10 Nobody but Smith and John _ in the laboratory. A are B had been C were D was11 None of these materials _ conductors.A has B is C are D was 时态一致在英语主从复合句中，从句的谓语 动词的时态应和主句中谓语动词的时态保持呼应，从而在逻辑关系中取得协调，这种现象叫时态的呼应。1） 主句中的谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可以根据上下文需要采取任何时态。I know that he often comes here.I shall tell

15、him that you came here yesterday.Its reported that they are building a new railway.Will you tell me how you two are getting along? 2） 如果主句是过去时，那么从句谓语也要用相关的过去时态。A从句谓语的动作与主句谓语的动作同时发生时，用一般过去时或过去进行时。I asked the little boy where he lived.She told us that the teacher was preparing lessons.B 从句谓语动词表示的动作发生在

16、主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，从句用过去完成时或过去进行时。I was glad that he had fixed my TV.He denied he had stolen the car.I didnt know what they were doing at that time.C 从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，从句可以用过去将来时，过去将来进行时和过去将来完成时。I didnt expect you would come so early.3)注：从句表示的是普遍真理，事实或人，事物的经常性特征时，宾语从句的谓语动词仍然要用一般现在时。Long ago, people didnt k

17、now that the earth is round.He said he doesnt smoke.Exercise:1 By the end of April, I _ here for three months.A will stay B stays C will have stayed. D has stayed2 The manager wants to know if they _ our letter yet.A will answer B answered C have answered D had answered.3 I had scarcely locked the d

18、oor when the key _ .A breaks B was breaking C had broken D broke4 I _ a brilliant idea as to how to solve the problem.A have just had B was just having C just have been D just have been having6 John will not be able to go to the movies tonight because _. A he should teach B he will have been teachin

19、g C he will be teaching D he will have taught.7 He was a Greek reporter, who _ about the life of cowboys in America.A writes B wrote C would write D has written8 See to it that all the lights_ turned off before you leave.A will be B are to be C are D should be 9 Turn on the TV and you_ advertisements showing happy families.A are often seeing B will often seeC often see D have often seen 10 As my friend _ here before, I had to meet her at the airport.A had never been B has never been C never was D had never been