主谓一致.docx

主谓一致.docx

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主谓一致

Apr.2nd.2009

主谓一致

英语的主谓一致包括时态一致,逻辑主语和实际主语一致,反意疑问句中的一致等.

处理主谓一致的三个原则—语法一致,意义一致和就近原则.

一,语法一致原则

1）主语是单数，谓语也要用单数;主语复数,谓语也要用复数,不受修饰词的影响.

Theresultsoftheresearcharetobepublishedsoon.

Thetheoryadvancedbythesescientistsisquiteconvincing.

Whatarehisviewsonthissubject?

Thesuggestionputforwardbythegirlshasbeenaccepted.

2）短语,从句做主语时,谓语用单数

Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.

Trainingastronautsisnoteasytask.

Thatsheopposestheseideasisquitenatural.

Whetherhewillcomeornotisuncertain.

Goingtherealoneisnotwise.

Tobecomeadoctorisherdream.

3）当主语是and连接的两个时,若指其中一个（若两项是一个整体）时谓语用单数，当指两项时,谓语用复数.

Ironandsteelindustryplaysanimportantroleinournationaleconomy.

Thefoodandtextileindustrydependmainlyonagricultureforrawmaterial.

Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.

4）主语是单数，尽管后面跟着with,together,aswellas,except,but等组成的短语,谓语仍单数.

John,togetherwithhiswife,isattheparty.

LilyaswellasHelenisplayingvolleyball.

EverybodyexceptTimspeakssomeChinese.

Noonebutmyselfknowsanythingaboutit.

5）一些代词做主语时的谓语

A）some,any,every,no构成的代词（someone,somebody,something;anyone,anybody,anything;everyone,everybody,everything;noone,nobody,nothing等）做主语时,谓语用单数;/each,either,neither,noone,oneof,manya（+名词单数）,morethanone+名词单数;/whatever,whoever等主语时,谓语动词用单数.

Twoboysenteredtheroom.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.

Somebodywantstoseeyou,sir.

Eitherofthesebusesgoespasttheuniversity.

Morethanonepersonisinvolvedinthis.

*more+名词复数+thanone结构做主语时谓语用复数.

Moremembersthanonehaveprotestedagainsttheproposal.

B）both,some,many,few,all（ofthem）做主语时谓语一般用复数.

Both（ofthem）areEnglish.

Manyareforgoingbyplane.Befor（同意，赞成）

Someworkersarestilloutofwork.

Fewofmyfriendslikeswimming.

Few/afew+名词复数

little/alittle+名词单数

二,意义一致原则

意义一致指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表示的意义,而不是取决于其形式.

1）当主语为集体名词及某些其他名词（s结尾的名词，学科名称,单复数同形名词等）,谓语单复数要遵从意义一致原则.

Measlesisacontagiousdisease.

Mathematicsisoneoftherequiredsubjectsinallschools.

2）表示度量,时间的名词词组往往可以作为一个整体来看，谓语动词通常为单数.

TendollarsismorethanIexpected.

Thirtypeopleisabiggroup.

Threeweeksisalongtime.

3）all,most,some,half,none,what,who,therest,theremainder做主语时,谓语的单复数取决于这些词的意义;当这些词后面

跟of+名词时,谓语的单复数取决于后续的名词和意义。

Allgoeswell.（抽象）

Allweresilent.（具体的个体）

Mostofhistimeisspenttraveling.

MostofhisstudentscomefromsouthChina.

Noneofthejobsis/aresuitableforme.

Allthejobsarenot

4）alotof,lotsof,apairof,apartof,agroupof,anumberof,anaverageof,themajorityof,atotalof等加名词或代词做主语时,谓语的单复数取决于名词和代词的单

复数.

Partofthestoryisnottrue.

Apartoftheapplesarebad.

Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.

Themajorityofstudentsareinfavorofhisproposal.

三,就近原则

指谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近它的词语。

1）当两个或两个以上的主语由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,notonly….butalso等连接时,谓语的单复数由临近它的名词决定.

NeitherMr.SmithnorImyselfamabletopersuadetheprincipletochangehismind.

Oneortworeasonsweresuggested.

2）当Therebe+并列主语中，谓语动词的数通常与临近它的主语一致.

Therearetwobooks,somepaper,adictionaryonthedesk.

Exercise:

1Writingstoriesandarticles___whatIenjoymost.

AisBareCwasDwere

2Eitherdyeoroilpaints____tocolorcloth.

AisusedBbeusedCareusedDwasused

3Anotherfiveweeks____necessaryforustofinishthework.

AareBwasCisDwillhavebeen

4Whattheyhavedone____usefultopeople.

AareconsideredBisconsidered

ChavebeenconsideredDwillbeconsidered

5Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandtwosons,____toarriveontheeveningflight.

AareBaregoingtoCisDwillbe

6Eitherofthem___togo.

AareBisChaveDwill

7Fivemultipliedbythree____fifteen.

AisequalBequalswithCequalsDequalsto（*equal的用法）

8Thenumberofstudentsintheclass___small.

AareBhavebeenCbecomeDis

9Anumberofstudents___forthelessonstobeginnow.

AiswaitingBarewaiting

CwaitsDwaited

10NobodybutSmithandJohn___inthelaboratory.

AareBhadbeenCwereDwas

11Noneofthesematerials___conductors.

AhasBisCareDwas

时态一致

在英语主从复合句中，从句的谓语动词的时态应和主句中谓语动词的时态保持呼应，从而在逻辑关系中取得协调，这种现象叫时态的呼应。

1）主句中的谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语动词可以根据上下文需要采取任何时态。

Iknowthatheoftencomeshere.

Ishalltellhimthatyoucamehereyesterday.

It’sreportedthattheyarebuildinganewrailway.

Willyoutellmehowyoutwoaregettingalong?

2）如果主句是过去时，那么从句谓语也要用相关的过去时态。

A从句谓语的动作与主句谓语的动作同时发生时，用一般过去时或过去进行时。

Iaskedthelittleboywherehelived.

Shetoldusthattheteacherwaspreparinglessons.

B从句谓语动词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，从句用过去完成时或过去进行时。

IwasgladthathehadfixedmyTV.

Hedeniedhehadstolenthecar.

Ididn’tknowwhattheyweredoingatthattime.

C从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，从句可以用过去将来时，过去将来进行时和过去将来完成时。

Ididn’texpectyouwouldcomesoearly.

3）注：

从句表示的是普遍真理，事实或人，事物的经常性特征时，宾语从句的谓语动词仍然要用一般现在时。

Longago,peopledidn’tknowthattheearthisround.

Hesaidhedoesn’tsmoke.

Exercise:

1BytheendofApril,I____hereforthreemonths.

AwillstayBstaysCwillhavestayed.Dhasstayed

2Themanagerwantstoknowifthey____ourletteryet.

AwillanswerBanswered

ChaveansweredDhadanswered.

3Ihadscarcelylockedthedoorwhenthekey_____.

AbreaksBwasbreakingChadbrokenDbroke

4I____abrilliantideaastohowtosolvetheproblem.

AhavejusthadBwasjusthaving

CjusthavebeenDjusthavebeenhaving

6Johnwillnotbeabletogotothemoviestonightbecause____.

AheshouldteachBhewillhavebeenteachingChewillbeteaching

Dhewillhavetaught.

7HewasaGreekreporter,who____aboutthelifeofcowboysinAmerica.

AwritesBwroteCwouldwriteDhaswritten

8Seetoitthatallthelights_____turnedoffbeforeyouleave.

AwillbeBaretobeCareDshouldbe

9TurnontheTVandyou____advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.

AareoftenseeingBwilloftensee

CoftenseeDhaveoftenseen

10Asmyfriend____herebefore,Ihadtomeetherattheairport.

AhadneverbeenBhasneverbeen

CneverwasDhadneverbeen