仁爱英语8年级上册U2Topic1学科讲义有答案精选教育文档.docx

1、仁爱英语8年级上册U2Topic1学科讲义有答案精选教育文档【基础知识巩固】“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼，从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂，“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书，最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。孟子中的“先生何为出此言也？”；论语中的“有酒食，先生馔”；国策中的“先生坐，何至于此？”等等，均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。其实国策中本身就有“先生长者，有德之称”的说法。可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意，倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。看来，“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊

2、称，并非具学问者的专称。称“老师”为“先生”的记载，首见于礼记?曲礼，有“从于先生，不越礼而与人言”，其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”，与教师、老师之意基本一致。一、重、难点其实,任何一门学科都离不开死记硬背,关键是记忆有技巧,“死记”之后会“活用”。不记住那些基础知识,怎么会向高层次进军?尤其是语文学科涉猎的范围很广,要真正提高学生的写作水平,单靠分析文章的写作技巧是远远不够的,必须从基础知识抓起,每天挤一点时间让学生“死记”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及丰富的词语、新颖的材料等。这样,就会在有限的时间、空间里给学生的脑海里注入无限的内容。日积月累,积少成多,从而收到水滴石穿,绳锯木断

3、的功效。 1. Whats wrong with you ? 你怎么了？与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 用于询问病情或别人不高兴的原因。课本、报刊杂志中的成语、名言警句等俯首皆是,但学生写作

4、文运用到文章中的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。为什么?还是没有彻底“记死”的缘故。要解决这个问题,方法很简单,每天花3-5分钟左右的时间记一条成语、一则名言警句即可。可以写在后黑板的“积累专栏”上每日一换,可以在每天课前的3分钟让学生轮流讲解,也可让学生个人搜集,每天往笔记本上抄写,教师定期检查等等。这样,一年就可记300多条成语、300多则名言警句,日积月累,终究会成为一笔不小的财富。这些成语典故“贮藏”在学生脑中,自然会出口成章,写作时便会随心所欲地“提取”出来,使文章增色添辉。 同义句有：Whats the matter/ trouble with you ? (matter/ tr

5、ouble 是名词，前用the ；wrong 是形容词，前不用the ) 教师范读的是阅读教学中不可缺少的部分，我常采用范读，让幼儿学习、模仿。如领读，我读一句，让幼儿读一句，边读边记；第二通读，我大声读，我大声读，幼儿小声读，边学边仿；第三赏读，我借用录好配朗读磁带，一边放录音，一边幼儿反复倾听，在反复倾听中体验、品味。 Whats wrong with her?她怎么了？Is anything wrong with your head？你的头不舒服吗?2. have后面跟表示疾病的词，表示“得了病”。have a cold=catch a cold患感冒；have a cough 患咳嗽；

6、have a fever 发烧； have a stomachache 胃疼；have a headache 头痛 have the flu 患流感；have sore eyes 眼疼 (注意这两个特殊点的)（1）ache 指持续的疼痛head-headache 头痛 stomach- stomachache 胃疼back-bachache 背疼Eg：I have a headache. = I have an ache in my head. （2）sore常指发炎而引起的肌肉痛foot-sore foot 脚痛 back-sore back 背痛 arm-sore arm 胳膊痛（3）pa

7、in 指肉体上的剧烈疼痛Eg：I have a pain in my head.=I have a headache.我头痛。注意：have the flu 患流感have表示“吃”时，have breakfast/supper/dinner/lunch，中间不能有冠词，但have后面的名词有形容词修饰时，可加冠词。have a big dinner.吃一顿丰盛的正餐。3. You look pale. 系动词有：be是；look看起来, smell闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来, feel觉得，turn/get/become 变；他们后常接形容词作表语， 系动词常可用动词be

8、 来替换。如： The music sounds wonderful. = The music is wonderful. You look young.=You are young. 4I dont feel like eating. feel like “想要”，后面通常跟名词、代词、动名词。如: I feel like running. 近义词组 want to do sth./would like to do sth.I want to take these books to the classroom.I would like to eat some hot dogs.5. Youd

9、 better not eat too much candy. (1) too much 修饰不可数名词，还可以用来修饰动词，如：too much money; Stay in bed and dont move your leg too much.(2) too many 修饰可数名词复数，如：too many students(3) much too修饰形容词或副词,如：much too expensive6. Let me check it over . check over = look over 检查正误，检查身体 如：Can you check over my homework.

10、The doctor checked her over and she was fine.7. So Id like ask for a weeks leave. (1) ask for a leave 请假 (2) ask for a weeks leave 请一周的假 (3) ask three days leave=ask a three-day leave 如：We can only take a three-day leave.= We can only take three days leave.8. I hope Ill get well and return to school

11、 soon. (1) return to +某地= go/ come back to 表返回某地，如：Kangkang returned to Beijing. (2) return sth. to sb. = give back sth. to sb.表归还某物给某人，如：You must return it to me soon. = You must give it back to me soon.9. I couldnt read it until today. 否定句+ until表不能做某事，直到什么时候才能做。如: I cant help you until you tell m

12、e the truth. 我不能帮助你，直到你告诉我真相我才帮你。 You cant watch TV until you finish your homework. 你不能看电视，直到你做完作业。10. My sister is also sick. Sick和ill 都表“病的“，但sick 即可以作定语也可以作表语，如：a sick girl; The girl is sick. 而ill只能作表语，如：The girl is ill. 重点短语：take a rest = have a rest 休息一下take some medicine = have some medicine 服

13、药day and night 日日夜夜lie down 躺下brush ones teeth 刷牙 （tooth的复数teeth）have an accident 发生一场事故stay in bed 待在床上plenty of = a lot of 许多的；大量的, 可接可数名词的复数或不可数名词worry about sth./ sb. 为 担心 二、语法精讲情态动词（helping verbs）本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列： can (co

14、uld), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must not.情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前 ,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。 情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。(一)Should1.通常用来表示劝告和建议，译作“应该”、“应当”， 没有人称和数的变化，

15、否定形式为should not ，通常简写为shouldnt，例如：You should complete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。 You should tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。You shouldnt talk in class. 你不应该在课堂上说话。我们在使用时要注意：此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with

16、clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和。What should we do now? 我们现在应该做什么？Should I open the window?我能打开窗户吗？3.表示推测、可能。He should be in the classroom.他应该在教室。This pen should be yours.这支笔应该是你的。4.表示说话人的感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。Why should I go?为什么我应该去？（表示不满） Where is Betty living? 贝蒂住在哪里？ How should I kn

17、ow? 我怎么会知道呢？I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。（二）had better常简略为d better, 是一固定词组，had better最好，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点: 1. had better后面必须跟动词原形，构成had better do sth.句型。 这里的had不能用have来替换。如: Youd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院看病。 Tom, youd better go there tod

18、ay.汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。2. 主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had better的形式。如: Now you(he，we) had better listen to the teacher.你(他，我们)现在最好听老师讲。3. had better的否定式。常用的否定形式是将否定副词not直接放在had better的后面。如: You had better not miss the last bus.你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。 You had better not leave for Nanjing the day after tomorrow.你最好后天不要动身去南

19、京。 注意:否定副词not绝不能放在had的后面。如:不能说:You hadnt better go.而应该说:You had better not go. 4. had better在表示对别人劝告、建议时，不宜用于与陌生人、长辈及上级的交谈中。 对长辈说话时，最好不用had better。比较有礼貌的说法是:It might be better for you.; It would be better for you.。如: It might be better for you to help me，Grandpa.爷爷，您最好能帮我一下。 练习 下列各句都有一处错误，请改正。 1.You

20、d better to wait for me at the school gate. 2.I have better write to him now. 3.You had not better go there. 参考答案:1.去掉to。2.have应改为had。3.将not置于better后面。【典型例题讲解】( )1. Jim is ill in hospital. Now he is _ in bed and talking to his doctor. A. lie B. lies C. lying D. lay( )2. I feel terrible. I dont feel

21、like _. A. eating anything B. anything to eat C. eat anything D. to eat anything( )3. If you have a headache, you _ lie down for a good rest. A. shouldnt B. had better not C. had better D. mustnt( )4. I had a backache. I cant sleep. _ A. Dont worry. B. Not so well. C. Im sorry to hear that. D. Why?(

22、 )5. Oh, you have a headache and a cough. _ have you been like this? Three days. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How many( )6. You should _ the doctors advice and _ the medicine on time. A. follow; eat B. follow; take C. take; eat D. eat; take( )7. Im afraid you have a cold. Youd better go t

23、o see a doctor. _ A. No, I have no time. B. Thats a good idea. C. Its very kind of you. D. Im sorry to hear that. ( )8. You look pale. _ have a good rest? A. Why dont you B. Why are you C. What about D. Why you dont( )9. You should not eat _ meat. It can make you fatter. A. too many B. too much C. m

24、uch too D. many too( )10. Its bad for our eyes to read books _ the sun. A. to B. under C. in D. over【随堂练习巩固】. 情景交际。（5分）在下列横线上填入适当的句子，补全对话。A: Good morning, Doctor Li. B: Good morning, Kangkang. 11. A: I have a headache and cough day and night. B: 12. A: About 2 days. B: Let me see. Oh, you have a col

25、d. A: 13. B: Nothing serious. A: 14. B: Take some medicine and have a good rest. Youll get better soon. A: 15. Good bye!. 完形填空。（10分）Maybe you know about Sun Ying on TV. She is a 16 young woman. She was born in Jilin Province. In January 2019, she left her hometown 17 Shenzhen. She found a job in a f

26、actory and began to work there. 18 after working for seven months, she went to a mountain shool in Guizhou Province for 19 because she wanted to help the students there. She found that the school had 20 but the old houses without doors. She felt quite 21 . When she got there, she got a warm 22 . The

27、 students called her“Aunt”and the parents 23 food to her. All the people 24 her. She planned to work there all her life. She wanted to bring 25 to the kids there. ( )16. A. 32-years-old B. 32-year-old C. 32 years old D. 32 year old( )17. A. to B. for C. in D. from( )18. A. And B. But C. So D. Or( )1

28、9. A. teaching B. living C. farming D. studying( )20. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing( )21. A. happy B. interested C. sorry D. excited( )22. A. talk B. medal C. heart D. welcome( )23. A. bought B. brought C. took D. cooked( )24. A. loved B. hated(讨厌的) C. laughed D. asked( )25. A. f

29、ood B. hope C. books D. money【课后强化练习】. 阅读理解。（30分）（A）Li Ming is twelve years old. He had hearing loss when he was born. He could hear nothing since then. The world is quiet and boring to him. He couldnt go to school. His parents took him to many hospitals to see the doctor, but nothing good returned.

30、 At last, they came to Beijing Children Hospital. After checking him over, the doctor told his parents that it was very serious. And he needed operation (手术). But it was so difficult for the family from a poor village. They had on enough money for the operation. After hearing this, the doctors asked

31、 them not to worry about it. They would help them get donations (捐款) from all over the country. His parents were very thankful.“Ill work hard after I am OK. I am going to be doctor to return to the society and help others.”said Li Ming. 根据短文内容，判断正（T）误（F）。( )26. Li Ming was deaf (聋) when he was born. ( )27. His parents never took him to see the doctor. ( )28. Many people would like to help Li Ming. ( )29. The doctor said his illness was not serious. ( )