1、新目标英语八年级上词汇及惯用法归纳新目标英语八年级上词汇及惯用法归纳leave的用法“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的?“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。“leave + A + for + B”表示“离开A地去B地,从A地启程去B地”。例如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京?情态动词should sho
2、uld作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如: How should I know? 我怎么知道?Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?should有时表示应当做或发生的事,如:We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点: 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 用于提出意见或者劝导。例如:You should go to the
3、 doctor ifyou feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 What.?与Which.? what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:What is your father?你父亲是干什么的?该句相当于:What does your father do? 或What is your fa
4、thers job?which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: -Which is Peter?哪个是皮特? -The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。 What.? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which.? 是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色?(有范围) what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:Which pictures
5、 are from China? 哪些图片来自中国?频度副词及其位置常见的频度副词有以下这些:always(总是,一直),usually(通常),often(常常,经常),sometimes(有时候),never(从不)。其频率大概是: always(100%)usually(90%)often(80%)sometimes(50%)hardly ever(10%)never(0%)频度副词的位置:a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如:We usually go to s
6、chool at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7:10去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:Sometimes I walk home, sometimes I ride a bike. 有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:Never have I been there. 我从没到过那儿。everyday与everyday every day作状语,译为“每一天”。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7:10去上学。I decide to read English
7、every day. 我决定每天读英语。 everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么?forgetdoing/todo sth.与rememberdoing/todo sth.forget to do“忘记要去做某事”(即该事情本来要做,但是忘记了而没有去做);forget doing“忘记做过某事”(即该事情已经做了,但是忘记了,以为没有做)He forgot to turn it off.
8、(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. ( 已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.(to come动作未做)remember to do记得去做某事(未做);remember doing记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Its+adj.+forsb. to do sth.和Its+adj.+ofsb. t
9、o do sth. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如:easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等: Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。不定式的逻辑主语用介词for 还是of 引
10、出的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如: You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。 He is hard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。) 用of 的形容词通常有:good,kind,nice,friendly; clever, polite, careful; right, wrong等(含反义词)。记忆口诀:四好生,聪明礼貌又细心,是对是错能辨清。使用动词的-ing形式的几种情况在进行时态中。如:He is watching TV in the room.在there be结构中。如:There i
11、s a boy swimming in the river.在have fun/problems结构中。如:We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball?在以下结构中: enjoy doing sth乐于做某事, finish doing sth 完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 , stop doi
12、ng sth停止做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事, go on doing sth 继续做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事, like doing sth喜欢做某事keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事, find sb doing sth发现某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth试图做某事, need doing sth需要做某事prefer doing sth宁愿做某事, mind doing sth介意做某事miss doing sth错过做某事, prac
13、tice doing sth练习做某be busy doing sth忙于做某事, cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事英语中的“单数”主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如:he, she, it,my friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marys uncle可数名词有单数和复数之分。如:man(单数)-men(复数) banana(单数)-bananas(复数)在一般现在时态中,当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式(即现单三形式)。如: The boy wants to be a s
14、ales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.how old, how many, how much, how often, how long, how far与how soon how old“(年纪)多大”,询问年纪、岁数。 how many“多少”,问可数名词的数量,其后接可数名词的复数形式。 how much“多少”,问不可数名词的数量,其后接不可数名词。问价钱时直接用how much。 how often“多久一次,多常”,询问
15、动作发生的频率。其答语部分或划线部分可能是:频度副词、every,once a week,或者表示时间的betweenand,fromto等。 how long“多长”,询问动作在时间上所持续的长度或者某事物的具体长度。 how far“多远”,询问路程、距离。 how soon“多久,多快”,询问动作在将来要经过多长时间才会发生。其答语部分或划线部分可能是:in + 时间段。名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 名词复数的规则变化一般在名词词尾加-s。如:pear-pears,hamburger-hamburgers, desk-desks, tree-tr
16、ees以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:class-classes,dish-dishes, watch-watches,box-boxes以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如: potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes, 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:family-families,dictionary-dictionaries, city-cities,以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:half-halves,leaf-leaves, thief-thieves,
17、knife-knives, self-selves,wife-wives, life-lives,wolf-wolves, shelf-shelves, loaf-loaves名词复数的不规则变化将-oo改为-ee。如:foot-feettooth-teeth将-man改为-men。如:man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpostman-postmen添加词尾。如:child-children单复数同形。如:sheep-sheepdeer-deerfish(指尾数时同形,指鱼类时为fishes)表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-
18、s加后面”。如:Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese Swiss-SwissEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-CanadiansKorean-Koreans Russian-RussiansIndian-Indians其它。如:mouse-mice apple tree-apple trees man teacher-men teachers 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词some变为any。如:There ar
19、e some birds in the tree. There arent any birds in the tree.但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如: Would you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。and变为or。如:I have a knife and a ruler. I dont have a knife or a ruler.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)T
20、hey dont have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词) There isnt much orange in the bottle.already变为yet。如:I have been there already. I havent been there yet.如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如: He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如: The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着
21、一副眼镜。dress 可作及物动词,有“给.穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如: Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如: The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。be in 表示穿着的状态,后面接服装或颜色。如: John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。little,a little,few与a few little与few 在意义上均为“很少的,几乎没有的”,表示部分否定。但是little只能
22、修饰不可数名词,few 则是用来修饰可数名词。如:There is little soda in the glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了。 Few people like him.几乎没有人喜欢他。a little 与a few 在意义上均为“有些,少量”,表示肯定。但是a little 只能修饰不可数名词,a few 只能修饰可数名词。如:There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一点儿汽水。 I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中国朋友。 a little, a little bit与a bit 三者都用来修饰形容词、副
23、词的原级时,可以互相替换,此时可以用kind of。如: Im a little/ a bit/ a little bit/ kind of tired. 我有点累。 三者都用来修饰形容词、副词的比较级时,可以互相替换,此时不可以用kind of。 He has a little/ a little bit/ a bit more books than me. 他有比我更多一点的书。a little 直接用来修饰不可数名词。a little bit和a bit用来修饰不可数名词时,必须先加介词of。如: He has a bit of money.他有一点儿钱。like的用法小结1、like
24、作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如: Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗? like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。(类似的动词有:love, hate)如: She likes eating apples.她爱吃苹果。(习惯或爱好) She likes to eat an apple.她喜欢吃苹果。(一次性的动作,可能平常不喜欢吃) like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如: Would you like a cup of te
25、a? 您愿意喝杯茶吗? “喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如: They all like me to sing/singing English songs. 他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。2、like 作介词,可译成“像.”。如: She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。 It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。 3、区分以下句子: What does he look like? 他长相如何?(指一个人的外貌特征) . What is he like? 他人怎么
26、样? (指人的性格特点) The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似) . A boy like Peter cant do it. (指性格相似)stoptodosth与stopdoingsth1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如: The students stop to listen to their teacher. 学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。 2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如: The students stopped talking.学生们停止了谈话。 与它们相反的句式是:go on t
27、o do sth “继续做某事(与刚才做的事不同)”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如: He finishes his homework and goes on to study English. 他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。 They went on playing games.他们继续玩游戏。tell,speak,say与talk1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”,指某人把某事、信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如: He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。 Father alw
28、ays tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。 tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如: He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。 tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如: David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。 2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。如: He can speak English and a little Chinese. 他能讲英语和一点汉语。 speak to 意为“和.讲话、谈话”。如: Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗? speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如: The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。 3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”,如果只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用 talk to;如果双方或多方交谈,多用 with。如: Please talk to him right now.请立即同他谈话。 He is talkin
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