分词做状语DOC.docx

1、分词做状语DOC分词作状语是高考考查的热门和重要考点，其热门考查内容如下：一 确定分词形式分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词仍是过去分词时，要判定主句主语与分词中央词的关系。假如句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；假如句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。例：1, _, I stretched my hand out for it.A. I saw the book I wanted on th

2、e shell B. The book I wanted was on the shellC. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 假如选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.分析：“Seen from the hill” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主

3、语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen.二确立句子主语可能是谁确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍旧遵安分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _.A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warning wer

4、e given to tourists分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼由于受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 谜底: B三独立主格结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语经常是名词或代词，置于动词-in

5、g 形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing /v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，假如它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，假如它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。1, 名词/代词+动词-ing例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.2，名词/代词+动词-ed例：The question settled, they felt released.3，with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed例：With the tre

6、e grown tall, we get more shade.Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.The battle was over without a shot being fired.四分词作状语时，相称于一个状语从句。例：_weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.A. Im putting on B. Having put on C. As Im gaining D. To gain分析：在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部门的逻

7、辑关系必需使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B， C两项长短谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部门的逻辑关系. 谜底: C五现在分词和过去分词作独立成分英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分，不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:Considering (that)考虑到supposing (that) 假如generally speaking 一般说来frankly speaking 坦白说Judging from 从判定talking of 说到Concernin

8、g 关于setting aside. 除开Coming to 谈到 allowing for. 考虑到Proving/provided (that)假定 supposing/suppose (that)如果Seeing (that) 既然 given (that) 假设；假如；考虑到put frankly 坦白地说 taken as a whole 总的说来例：1. Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said.坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him

9、 a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?如果他病了，谁来做这工作呢？专项训练：1._with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared2. When first _to the market,

10、 these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced3. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked4. _ the interview, the manage went to his office, _ by the interviewer.A. Having fini

11、shed, followed B. Finished, followedC. Finishing, following D. Being finished, being following5. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. It was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for helpKey: 1-5 DBAAD高二英语语法：浅析分词热点考题及对应策略浅析分词热

12、点考题及对应策略请看此题，The storm left，_ a lot of damage to this area Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused本题考查的是现在分词作结果状语。该题意为：暴风雨过后，给这一地区造成了巨大的损失。本句的谓语动词1eft为过去式，意指在暴风雨停止之前已造成巨大损失，表示cause这一动作发生在1eave之前，故此选D项。 顺便在这里说说分词的用法和常考点。分词主要起着形容词与副词的作用，高考侧重考查状语功能、定语功能、宾语补足语功能和独立主格结构的有关用法。 一、分词的状语功能 1The visi

13、ting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here Ahaving added Bto add Cadding Dadded 2European football is played in 80 countries _ it the most popular sport in the world Amaking Bmakes Cmade Dto make解析1：C。这里“补充”为伴随性动作，也是一个主动性动作，应用现在分词作伴随状语。解析2：A。该句表示：欧式足球

14、运动在八十个国家开展的结果是，它使欧式足球成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动。显然应用现在分词作结果状语。小结：分词可作时间、条件、结果、原因、伴随等状语，现在分词作状语，表示主动或进行的动作，过去分词状语表示被动或完成的动作，此时分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。二、分词的定语功能3Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad been invited4The computer center，_ last year，is v

15、ery popular among the students in this school Aopen Bopening Chaving opened Dopened解析3：A。客人是已被邀请参加晚会的，所以应用过去分词作定语，表示完成了的动作和主谓之间的被动语态关系。解析4：D。电脑中心是去年(被)开张的，既是完成又是被动的动作，应用过去分词作定语。小结：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作或主动的动作，过去分词作定语表示完成了的或被动动作，此时可换成相应的定语从句。三、分词的宾语补足语功能5Soon they could see steam _ from the wet clothes Ar

16、ise Brising Crisen Dbe rising6They knew her very wellThey had seen her_ up from childhood Agrow Bgrew Cwas growing Dto grow 解析5：B。该空表示水蒸气正从衣服上升起，应用现在分词作补足语，表示动作正在进行。 解析6：A。该句强调她已长大成人，而不强调她正在成长，应用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。特别提醒：不定式作宾补的意义不同于作其他成分，表示完成或将要做的动作。小结：分词常作宾语补足语，其中现在分词表示正在进行的或主动的动作，过去分词表示完成了或被动的动作。四、分词的独

17、立主格结构7The murderer was brought in，with his hands _ be hind his back Abeing Bhaving tied Cto be tied Dtied8With his lips still _ ，he couldnt say a word Atrembling Btremble Cto tremble Dto be trembling解析7：D。凶手的双手一定是被绑在背后，应用过去分词构成的独立主格结构作伴随状语，表示被动动作。解析8：A。他说不出话的原因是因为他的嘴唇仍在颤抖，应用现在分词的独立主格结构作原因状语，表示动作自主发出

18、并正在进行。小结：分词的独立性结构就是指带有分词逻辑主语的结构，在句中可作时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语，其逻辑主语前边也可加上介词，其中现在分词仍表示进行的动作或主动的动作，过去分词仍表示完成了或被动的动作。 同步练习1. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and t

19、ook her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked4. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to universit

20、y. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in5. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting6. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffere

21、d7. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted8. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffer

22、ing C. Having suffered D. Being suffered information. 9. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope10. The _ boy was last seen_ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play11. The picture _ on the wall is

23、painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung12. We can t go out in this weather, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked13. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run14. More and more p

24、eople are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken15. In the past, this work, _ highly skilled, was usually done by men. A. considering B. to consider C. being considered D. considered16. Its nece

25、ssary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answer ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having17. You can t catch me! Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran18. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. following B. to be followe

26、d C. followed D. being followed 19. _ the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercises. A. Sending B. Being sent C. Sent D. Having sent 20._ a reply, we decided not to wait any longer. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received21. We expressed our sati

27、sfaction with the talk, _ that we would visit the city again. A. having added B. adding C. to add D. added22. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _ Call 68837822. A. reading B. reads C. to read D, read23. _ from the space, the Great Wall lies in the mountains tike a huge dragon. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen24. I should say sorry to him. I regret to help him that day. A. refusing B. to refuse C.