1、英语句子成分讲宾语从句讲解句子成分与基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和 状语、宾语补足语等。(一) 主语:主语是谓语讲述对象,表示所说“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、 不定式或相当于名词词或短语来充当。它在句首。女口:(1) Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2) He reads newspapers every day.(代词作主语)(3) Smoking is harmful to the health.(动名词作主语)(4) To swim in Kunming L
2、ake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5) What we should do is not yet decided.(主语从句作主语)(二) 谓语说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要词)憾须是动 凰。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词
3、一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词词、短语来担任,它 和与物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says (that) she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是与物动词涉与到人或物,宾语一般放在与物动词之后。介词后面名 词或代词或
4、动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。 另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2:与物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾 语是与物动词直接对象,直接宾语甌,间接宾语通常是与物动词动作所与人,间接宾 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。看),不是所有与物动词都可以用双宾语。有动词可以跟。女口: give, show (给bring, pass, buy 等。女口: ( 1) Our teacher tells us a story.(2) The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在
5、表示“人”间接宾语之前会出现介词I “to”或间接宾语前加“to”有:give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise (答应),refuse (拒绝)等。间接宾语加aiorn有:make, buy, do, get, play, order (命令),sing, p忍y 等(1) I give him a book 改成: (2) He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。) 改成: (3) He writes me a letter. 改成
6、: (4) He will buy me some books 改成: (5) She is making me a cake 改成: (四)宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语动作、状态、特征成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语以与动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复 合宾语。女口 : They make her happy.(形容词)I see her dance.(不定式)WeJ 11 help you to make the Olympics a success(名词) Please let him in.(副词)We heard her singin
7、g a song(分词 短语)伍)表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式与 相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它位置在系动词后面。女口 : I am a teacher(名词)He is always happy.(形容词)They are on the playground now(介词短语)It gets cold.(形容词)r Ee 动词 (am, is, are, was, were)系动词表保持 (keep, stay, remain) 表改变(get, become, turn)感官动词(feel, sound, seem/look (看起来),
8、taste (尝起来),smell (闻 起来)如:It sounds interesting, (sound 为系动词,interesting 为表语)We should all remain careful. Remain (为系动词,careful 为表语)(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词词或短语等。单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰名词之前。如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)WhatJ s your name?(代词)They make paper flowers(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:not
9、hing, anything, everything, something等时,定 语在不定代词后面。如:I tell him something interesting.(形容词 interesting 作不定代词something后置定语)He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)说明2:憾语或从句|作定语时,也放在被修饰名词之后。如:The boys in the room are in Class Four (in the room 是介词短语作the boys后置定语。)(七)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生时间、地点、目、方式、程度
10、等意义, 一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但 有可以放在句首、句中。如:He did it carefully(副词)We often help him.(副词)Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday(介词短语)When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)He sits there.(副词地点状语)【简单句五种基本句型】A.主语+不与物动词(主谓)女口: The sun rises.太阳升起来。The car stopped.小汽车停
11、下来了。(rise和stop都是不与物动词,因此 后边不必加宾语。)B.主语+与物动词+宾语(主谓宾)女口 : I love my country He helps me. I like action movies.I buy a book.C.主语+系动词+表语住系表)女口 : Her brother is a driver.We feel happy, (feel为系动词,表示感到 )It gets dark.天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得)Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)D.主语+与物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直
12、宾+间宾)女口: He gives Tom a present.(双宾语) 他给汤姆一件礼物。Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语) 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。E.主语+与物动词+宾语+宾语补足语住+谓+宾+宾补)女口: They call her Mary.(宾补) 他们叫她 Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补) 我们使我们教室干净而整齐。He always makes us laugh.(宾补) 他总使我们笑。二、典型例题,写出划线部分句子成分。1.Lily is cleaning the desk no
13、w2.Her garden is the best in our town.3.Liu Ming is thirteen years old4.I like this book very much.5.The girl on the blue bike is Jane s sister.6.She didn,t come to my party because she was ill.7.Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8.We will go to the Children s Palace once 忍 week.9.They are in th
14、e clmssroom.10 It sounds good.11.His name is Paul.12.We always go to school early.三课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中宾语1My brother doesnt do his homework.A B C D2People all over the world speak English.AB C D3You must pay good attention to your pronimciFition.A B C D4How many new words do you learn ?A B C D5Some of the
15、 students in the school want to go swirrmiing, how about you?A B CD(二) 挑出下列句中表语1The old man is feeling very tired.ABC D2Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D3The leaves have turned yellow,A B C D4Soon They all become interested in the subject.ABC D5She is the first to learn about it,A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中定
16、语1They use Mr. Mrs. w辻h the family name.A B C D2Whit is your given name?3On the third Sp mre Clmss 1 and CSss 3.A B C D4I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABC D5The mmn downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D(四)挑出下列句中宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the remd
17、ing-room.AB C D(2) He asks her to take the boy out of school.AB C D3She find it difficult to do the work.ABC D4They call me Lily sometimes.ABC D5I smw Mr. W純ng get on the bus.AB C D(五)挑出下列句中状语1There is m big smile on her face.ABC D2Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A BCD(3) He began to learn E
18、nglish when he w純s eleven.ABC D4The mmn on the motorbike is travelling to fast.A B C D5With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li huiried off.A B C D初中英语语法宾语从句讲解与专项练习宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作
19、谓语动词宾语,也可做介词宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing.(动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down .(动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.(介词宾语)2连接词(1) 陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用thmt,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.以whether或if引导宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思 宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg, I wond
20、er if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意:一般悄况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词宾语时只用whether不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.b引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?c. if当如果讲时,引导是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.(3).特
21、殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you?特殊情况:当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词 + do you think +陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态几当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句限制,根据自身需要 选用相应时态。例如:Do you know (if/whether he has seen the film) ?b.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时相应时态。例如:I didnt know (i
22、f/whether he had seen the film.)注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等, 从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如:He said (that the earth moves round the sun.)The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound.)4.、人称变化和标点使用乩从句主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句主语一致;如果是第二人称,则 与主句宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。女口:(一主二宾三不变)uMay I use your knife?
23、 ” He asked me.-He asked me if he might use my knifeDo you know her telephone number? ” He asked me.-He asked me if I know her telephone number.b.宾语从句标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:Who will give us a talk? I don, t know. -1 don, t know who will give us a talk.Do you know? Where does he live? -Do y
24、ou know where he lives?二、宾语从句转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, forget, plan, agree等,且主句主语与 从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。女口:She agreed that she could help me with my maths -She agreed to help mewith my maths 2.当主句谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转 化宾语时,主从句主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。例如:I dont k
25、now which sweater I should buy. -1 dont lmow which sweater to buy.3. 当主句谓语动词是tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时,从句主语和间接宾语 一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”,或者 在连接代词/副词引导宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句 可简化为连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:f Could you tell me how to get to the park?4.当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时,从句常简
26、化为“宾语+ 宾补”结构,宾补为不带to不定式或V-ing形式。女口:She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. -She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground宾语从句专顼习题巩固练习1.Have you decided for Australia?A. when will you leave E. when do you leaveC you will leave when D when you will leave2.Can you tell me ?A. where does T
27、om live E. where Tom lived C Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him .A. whose cup this is E whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D whose is this cup9.1don,t know .A. what time the movie starts E what time starts the m
28、ovieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long .A. was I ill B have I been ill C. I have been ill D I had beenillt sayB. if does it rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow1 l.The weather forecast doesn, A. if it rains tomorrow C. if it will rain tom
29、orrow12.Do you know ?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where ?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D is thetape14.They want to know ?A. where is the hospital B how old are youC. when the train will leave D.
30、why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingE when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC.what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD.where Father Christmas had put in his stocldng16.No one knows the professor will come to our school tomorrow to
31、give usa talk or not.18.D. whatNo one told us , so we need your helpA. how should we do E. what we should do C what to do should we do19.We don t know with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it E. how to do C. what do it D what todo20.He asked me .A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyE whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found
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