高考阅读理解讲解2.docx

1、高考阅读理解讲解2文章主旨题 通读全文，抓住主题句； 对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论； 另外，选择“最佳标题”的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁、明了并能吸引读者，即标题多用短语的形式，且具有醒目性等特点。 主题句位于段首 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer,

2、 cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? 主题句位于段尾 Often no o

3、ne looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. 主题句位于段中 Nothing is as usefu

4、l as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after

5、the light of the campfire has been out.通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.即时检验无明确主题句(重庆卷) Sir Steven Redgrave, winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals, once said, “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes (糖尿病). Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the

6、specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand i

7、n my way.”61. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win. 干扰项的特点： (1)概括范围太窄只含局部信息 (2)概括范围太宽泛 (3)无关或未提及的信息 确定文章主旨大意 典例1：Whats the

8、passage about?A. What energy is the cleanest.B. Whether nuclear power is clean energy.C. How carbon dioxide gas can be reduced.D. Why climate change should be concerned.文本：In Kansas, where winds blow strong, the push for clean energy includes not only new wind turbines but also new nuclear-power fac

9、tories as part of a “carbon-free” solution to climate change. Its an idea that may be catching on, at least 11 new nuclear factories are in the design stage in mine states, including Virginia, Texas, and Florida, according to the Nuclear Energy Institute website. But that carbon-free saying has rese

10、archers asking again；How carbon-free is nuclear power? And how cost-effective is it in the fight to slow global warming? “Saying nuclear is carbon-free is not true,” says Uwe Fritsche, a researcher in Darmstadt, Germany, who has conducted a life-cycle analysis of the factories. “It produces less car

11、bon than fossil fuel. But if you are honest, scientifically speaking, the truth is: There is no carbon-free energy. Theres no free lunch.” “Yes, absolutely theres carbon,” says Paul Genoa, director of policy development for the Nuclear Energy Institute, which represents the nuclear power industry in

12、 the US. “Most studies have found carbon produced in the life-cycle of nuclear to be comparable with renewable. Some show nuclear to be extremely high, but we do not find those believable.”典例2：Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Codeine: A New Medicine B. Chocolate May Cur

13、e CoughsC. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs文本： Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codei

14、ne, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. . The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness. 典例3：Which would

15、 be the best title for the passage?A. Timex or Rolex? B. My Childhood TimexC. Watches? Not for Me! D. Watches-a Valuable Collection文本：When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and havent had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Beca

16、use I dont need one. I have a mobile phone and Im always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices(装置)tell the time-which is why, if you look around, youll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.But while the wise have rea

17、lized that they dont need them, others-apparently including some distinguished men of our time-are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex command shocking prices, up to 250,000 for a piece. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. So why pay that much of

18、five years school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?Watches are now classified as “investments”(投资). But a watch is not an investment. Its a a matter of fashion. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that 350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good invest

19、ment than my childhood Timex.解题要点总结 ：寻找主题句是解题的关键，主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也有可能没有主题句，这时需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。 注意 ：(1)段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。如第1段的转折句或 以But开始的第二甚至第三段第1句话。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 (3)在无明确主题句的文章中，作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。即时检验：作者写作意图 典例4：The authors purpose in writing the text is to_.

20、A. show his concern about the health of peopleB. make people know about AIDSC. call on people to fight against AIDS D. tell us people are short of the knowledge of AIDS文本：A picture, a calendar or even a balloon may be the best way for millions of people living in Chinas vast country areas to learn a

21、bout AIDS, one of the biggest threats to public health in the world today.China has decided to use user-friendly methods including exhibitions, VCDs and TV programmes to spread knowledge of the disease across the nation in order to try to control it. Educating people nationwide about AIDS is the top

22、 priority to prevent the disease from getting out of hand. The farmers will be given knowledge in ways that they can understand. A recent survey from the commission of more than 7000 people in China showed that nearly 20 percent of them had never heard of AIDS before. Just 71 percent said they knew

23、AIDS was highly contagious, but most of them had no clear idea of how the disease could be spread. Just over 62 percent said they knew they could do things in advance to prevent themselves from catching AIDS but they didnt know what these measures were. China residents, especially those in the count

24、ryside, have very little knowledge about what AIDS is, nor about prevention and treatment. . Since 1985, China has discovered 880 patients with AIDS and 466 of them have died. Sharing needles, prostitution and infected blood transmission are major ways for HIV to spread. A lack of education has been

25、 the biggest difficulty against nationwide efforts to prevent AIDS, especially in the countryside.考试中作者写作目的通常有三种：(1)to entertain readers：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。(2)to persuade readers：常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等。议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。(3)to inform readers：多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性的文章。 要弄清写

26、作目的，需要再判断好文章体裁的基础上把握文章主旨。推理判断题 准确理解作者的观点、立场和寓意要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。 题干中常含infer(推断), suggest(暗示), imply(暗示), conclude(得出结论)等词语。 答案要求用文章中知识内容作为推理、判断的依据解题要点： 纵观全文、抓住细节、周密分析、合理推断； 注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围 原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。 符合考生已有常识，但

27、文章中没有信息支持。 推理过度的片面结论。 与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。即时检验：典例1 I know what youre thinking: pizza？For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the morning if you want to.I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they dont h

28、ave time, others think theyre “saving” calories, still others just dont like breakfast food. But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when youre trying to lose weightAnd even pizza can be healthy if its loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.42. What can

29、we infer from the text?A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.C. There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.D. Eating vegetables helps save energy.典例2A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las vegas to ask the

30、m what it would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning. “I think half of then fell off their chairs,” Gerner says. Gerner manages school facilities for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massa

31、chusetts. Green schools are appearing all over , but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate. . Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of

32、 the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I dont believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. Im interested in those that work.” But he wouldnt mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to lear