南师大 英语考研 资料.docx

1、南师大 英语考研 资料2.2.3 英美文学选读知识点梳理 Chapter I The Renaissance Period一、学习目的和要求 通过本章学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史，文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。二、考核要求(一) 文艺复兴时期概述1. 识记：（1）文艺复兴时期的界定 （2）历史文化背景2. 领会: （1）文艺复兴运

2、动的意义与影响 （2）文艺复兴时期的文学特点 （3）人文主义的主张及对文学的影响3. 应用：文艺复兴，人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释Brief Introduction to the Renaissance PeriodI. 应用Definitions of the Literary Terms:1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th & 17th

3、 centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of

4、ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in m

5、edieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.2. Humanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval rever

6、ence for the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splend

7、or and enlightenment, but the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they

8、inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself an

9、d to perform wonders. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.3. Spenserian stanza: Spenserian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter & the last line i

10、n iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc.4. Metaphysical poetry: The term metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of

11、the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery in drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poets beloved, with God, or with h

12、imself.5. A Renaissance hero: refers to one created by Christopher Marlowe in his drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from both gods and men. He embodies Marlowes humanistic ides of human dignity and capacity. Different from the tragic hero

13、 in medieval plays, who seeks the way to heaven through salvation and gods will, he is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts. With the endless aspiration for power, knowledge, and glory, the hero interprets the true Renaissance spirit. Both Tam

14、burlaine and Faustus are typical in possessing such a spirit.（二） 该时期的重要作家1.一般识记：重要作家的文学生涯2.识记：重要作品及主要内容3.领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。4.应用：（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题，意象（2）喜剧威尼斯商人的主题和主要人物性格分析（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析（4）史诗失乐园的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析I. Edmund Spenser II. Christopher Marlowe . William Shakespeare

15、IV. Francis BaconV. John Donne. John MiltonChapter II The Neoclassical Period一.新古典主义时期概述 1. 识记：（1）新古典主义时期的界定 （2）政治经济背景 （3）启蒙运动的意义与影响2. 领会：（1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点 （2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释1. 识记Definitions of literary terms1) The Enlightenment MovementThe 18th-century England is

16、known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was

17、to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality & science. They called for a reference to order, reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those

18、great writers like John Dryden, Alexander pope & so on.2) NeoclassicismIn the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be m

19、odeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers (Homer, Virgil, & so on)& those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion & accuracy, & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.

20、 This belief led them to seek proportion, unity, harmony & grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct & correct human beings, primarily as social animals. Thus, a polite, urbane, witty, & intellectual art developed.3) The heroic couplet It means a pair of lines of a type once c

21、ommon in English poetry, which rhyme & are written with five beats each.4) the Realistic NovelThe mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form, the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the

22、 common English people. This-the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century - is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution & a symbol of the growing importance & strength of the English of the growing importance & strength of th

23、e English middle class, Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ,Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias Creorge Smollott, & Oliver Goldsmith. 2. 领会Characteristics of Neoclassical LiteratureAccording to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classica

24、l works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers (Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc,)& those of the contemporary French ones. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature, prose should be precise, direct, smooth & flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, sat

25、iric or dramatic, & each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space & action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rath

26、er than individuals should be represented.二.该时期的重要作家1，一般识记：重要作家的创作生涯2，识记：重要作品及主要内容3，领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色其代表作的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，艺术特色，社会意义等。4，应用：（1）天路历程中名利场的寓义。 （2）蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观及其诗歌特色。 （3）格列佛游记的社会讽刺。 （4）菲尔丁的散文体史诗。 （5）格雷诗歌的主题与意象。I John BunyanII. Alexander popeIII. Daniel DefoeVI. Jonathan SwiftV. Henry Fieldi

27、ngVI. Samuel JohnsonVII. Richard Brinsley SheridanVIII. Thomas GrayChapter III The Romantic Period一 本章的学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解浪漫主义文学的产生的历史，文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征，基本主张，及其对时代及后世英国文学用至文化的影响； 了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，思想意义等； 同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。二 本章考核知识点及考核要求（一） 考核知识点1

28、浪漫主义时期概述1） 浪漫主义时期英国社会的政治，经济，文化背景2） 浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张 3） 英国浪漫主义文学的特色4） 浪漫主义文学对同时代及后世英国文学的影响2 浪漫主义时期主要作家的文学创作思想及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法及社会意义等。威廉布莱克；威廉华兹华斯；塞特科勒律治；乔治戈登拜伦；珀比雪莱；约翰济兹；简奥斯汀（二） 考核要求1 浪漫主义时期概述1）识记：a.浪漫主义时期的界定 b.历史文化背景2) 领会：a.浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响。 b.浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。、3) 应用：a.名词解释：浪漫主义 b.浪漫主义时期文学特点

29、的分析 2 该时期的重要作家1） 识记：浪漫主义时期的重要作家，代表作品及其主要内容。2） 领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。3） 应用：a.浪漫派诗歌（所选作品）的主题，意象分析b.小说傲慢与偏见的主题和主要人物的性格分析。一 概述1. 一般识记 English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsw

30、orth & Coleridges Lyrical Ballads & to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death & the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.2. 识记 Historical & Cultural backgroundDuring this period, England had experienced profound economic & social change. The biggest social change in English hi

31、story was the transfer of large masses of the population from the countryside to the towns. As a result of the Enclosures & the agricultural mechanization, the peasants were driven of their land; some emigrated to the colonies; some sank to the level of farm laborers & many others drifted to the industrial towns where there was a growing demand for labor. But the new industrial towns were no better than jungles, where the law was the survival of the fittest. The cruel economic exploitation caused large-scale workers