最新同位语从句讲解及练习题3篇.docx

1、最新同位语从句讲解及练习题3篇同位语从句讲解及练习题3篇 同位语从句讲解及练习题3篇同位语从句讲解及练习题(1)1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪

2、儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问

3、题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。解释：1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的

4、内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (

5、should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。测试：A. 用适当的连接词填空：1 It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4. It is hoped nature will never be d

6、estroyed.5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that you had a few days off?7. Word came I was wanted at the office.8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?9. The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.10. Its generally cons

7、idered unwise to give a child he or she wants.B. 单项选择：1 It was true Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does matter much he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3. -What are you anxious about? - .A. How can we succeed

8、B. Whether we can succeedC. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. Any

9、one D. The person6. I really dont know _ I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember .A. where B. there C. which D. that8. -What do you think of China? - different life is today from it us

10、ed to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that9. Give this to you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10. troubles me is I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that答案:A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, wh

11、ether 4. that5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which9. where 10. whateverB. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD同位语从句1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词ho

12、w，when，where，why等。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。Information has been put forward that more middle

13、 school graduates will be admitted into universities.有消息透露，大学将招收更多的中学毕业生。The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been p

14、ut off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常为如何演奏

15、乐曲写出精确的说明。5、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位

16、语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子

17、成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)（4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, su

18、ggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）一、同位语从句的定义和特点在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that， whether，what， which， who， when ， where，why ，

19、 how等词引导，常放在fact， news ， idea ， truth， hope ， problem，information ， wish ，promise ， answer ， evidence ， report ， explanation，suggestion， conclusion 等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the wholeschool. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：the

20、y had won the game 说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句引导同位语从句的连接词功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。 that ， whether连接代词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语）。 who，what，whose ， which连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（状语）。when， where， why， how复合代词 &复合副词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语、状语）。 whoever， whatever ， whichever

21、，whenever， wherever ， however1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross theriver at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once 是the order 的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加 是否 的含义，应用whether 引导同位语

22、从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be heldon time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整，应加 是否 的含义才能表达the problem 的全部内容，因此应用whether 引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加 什么时候 、 什么地点 、 什么方式 等含义，应用when， where， how等词引导同位语从句。例1 ：I have no idea when

23、 he will be back.析：he will be back 意义不完整，应加 什么时候 的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。例2 ：I have no impression how he went home ， perhaps by bike. 析：he went home意义不完整，应加 如何 的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how 引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the ci

24、ty.三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false. 因为the re

25、portwas that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign是同位语从句。四、典型例题1. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_ a cure forAIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocketmoney to buy some flowers for my moth

26、ers birthday. A. if B. when C. thatD. which3. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D.because4. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit methis coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether5.

27、 Danby left a word with my secretary _ he would callagain in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which同位语从句讲解及练习题(2)高中英语语法专题讲解专题二、同位语从句一、同位语从句概述同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句，常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief, chance, doubt, hope, idea, news, opinion, thought, promise等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether和副词how, when, where等

28、。二、 同位语从句（1） 同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时，用连词that引导。注：that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，通常不省略。eg：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.（2） 同位语从句是疑问句时，应根据语境选用who, when ,where, how, whether(不能用if)等词来引导。eg：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（3） 分隔式同位语从句：当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，为了使句子

29、保持平衡，常把同位语从句后置。eg：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（4） 后面常跟同位语的词有：doubt, fact, hope, idea, message, news, possibility, promise, question, suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。 注：advice, order, suggestion等词表示建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用eg：He made the suggestion that the meeting(sh

30、ould) be put off.三、 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1） 所表达的内容不同：同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面，但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明，而定语从句是对该名词的修饰，说明它的性质特征。eg：The fact that he presented was a strong proof.The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all.（2） 在句中所起的语法作用不同：引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它的作用是连接主句和从句，并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分，而且that作宾语时可省略，指物时，可以用which代替。引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，它不充当任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替eg：We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year.The news that we heard spread all over the city.（