最新初中中考句子成分详解及练习.docx

1、最新初中中考句子成分详解及练习句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分：主语 和 谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语 等 一、 主语：句子所叙述的主体。一般位于句首，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、 不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class.

2、 (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have a test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为

3、形式主语，真正的主语是不定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：I like apples. ( 动词 ) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2. 复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

4、（2）由（系动词+表语）构成。 We are having a quick breakfast. （三） 表语：用于说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、 动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。位置：用在动词be和系动词（如keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）的后面。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，即成系表结构。 My mother is a doctor. (名词) Is it yours?

5、 (代词) The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （现在分词） The door is closed. （过去分词） Three times seven is twenty one. （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. (副词) The truth is th

6、at he has never been abroad. （表语从句） （四） 宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面,说明主语“做什么”，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容 词、不定式和宾语从句。及物动词必须加宾语。 They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词） The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （数词） They helped the ol

7、d with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me. （不定式） I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词） I think (that) he is fit for this job. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 有的动词后面可接双宾语，包括常用来指人的间接宾语和常用来指物的直接宾语。Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please. 间宾 直宾 直宾

8、间宾 这类词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell, lend, offer, buy, make, do等。带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时加“to”或“for”。这类词可以归纳为“七 给” 一 “带” to不少, “ 买 ” 画 “ 制作” for来了：1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring) 8个及物动词,在直接宾 语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“ vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如： He lent some money

9、to me. 类似动词的还有：get, mail, offer, pay, promise, read, sell, take, teach等 2、“buy” (买) ；“draw” (画) ；“make” (制作) 三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在 后边加“for”,构成 “vt. + sth. + for + sb.”Mother bought a new dress for me。 类似动词还有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时，间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后。如： Richard

10、 made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我 4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语，如ask, teach, tell, owe, pay. I asked John. 我问约翰 I asked a question. 我问了一个问题 I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题 复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语），例如： They elected him their monitor. 宾语 宾语补足语 （五）宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有宾补, 有时候句子的意思就不完整

11、。用来补充说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。并与宾语一起构成复合宾语的句子成分。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make, let, see, find, name等）或介词（如with）+ 宾语 +宾补 如 His father named him Dong Ming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. （副词） I ask him to go home now. (不定式) We saw her entering the r

12、oom. （现在分词） He found the door locked. （过去分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句) （六） 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由名词、形容词、 代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等来充当。 Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词） China is a developing country.（现在分词） America is a

13、 developed country. （过去分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） His math is very good. （形容词性物主代词） I am the last person to leave the classroom. （不定式） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn German.（介词短语） （七）状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或

14、整个句子，以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件，让步，伴随状态，比较等。一般由副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副词的词组或短语等来充当。如： Light travels most quickly. (副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语）He is proud to have passed the college entrance examination. (不定式) He is in the room making a model plane. (现在分词短语) Wait a minu

15、te. （名词） Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） How about meeting again at six? （表时间） Last night he didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（表原因） I shall go there if it doesnt rain. （表条件） Mr. Smith lived on the third floor. （表地点） She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （表方式） She

16、 came in with a book in her hand. （表伴随状态） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（表目的） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （状语从句表结果） She works very hard though she is old. （状语从句表让步） I am taller than he is. （状语从句表比较） 状语的位置：1.only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.The actor only

17、sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.2.两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1）地点状语在前, 时间状语在后. We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2）较小单位的状语在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3）一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词She sang very well at the meeting las

18、t night.3.时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.（八）独立成分：与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分 感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。 肯定词:yes 否定词:no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。如: The story, I think, has never come to the end. 我相信,这

19、个故事还远没结束. 效果测试1. 指出下列句中主语的中心词1 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 2 There is an old man coming here. 3 The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 2. 选出句中谓语的中心词。（ ） I dont like the picture

20、 on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall （ ） The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer （ ） Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus （ ） There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the libr

21、ary D. afternoon（ ） Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast（ ） Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework （ ） What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is （ ） We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. h

22、ad C. send D. doctor （ ） He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music （ ） Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book3. 找出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the s

23、ubject. She was the first to learn about it. 4. 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you

24、? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. 5. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bo

25、ught a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me? 当然，在竞争日益激烈的现代社会中，创业是件相当困难的事。我们认为，在实行我们的创业计划之前，我们首先要了解竞争对手，吸取别人的经验教训，制订相应竞争的策略。我相信只要我们的小店有自己独到的风格，价格优惠，服务热情周到，就一定能取得大多女孩的信任和喜爱。 6. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes th

26、e children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. （3） 年龄优势 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 7. 找出下列句中的定语公司还组织各国的“芝

27、自制饰品店”定期进行作品交流，体现东方女性聪慧的作品曾在其他国家大受欢迎；同样，自各国作品也曾无数次启发过中国姑娘们的灵感，这里更是创作的源泉。 They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class （六）DIY手工艺品的“创作交流性” I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 因为是连锁店，老板的“野心”是开到便利店那样随处可见。所以办了积分卡，方便女孩子到任何一家“漂亮女生”购

28、物，以求便宜再便宜。 The man downstairs was trying to sleep.虽然调查显示我们的创意计划有很大的发展空间，但是各种如“漂亮女生”和“碧芝”等连锁饰品店在不久的将来将对我们的创意小屋会产生很大的威胁。 I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! 上述所示的上海经济发展的数据说明：人们收入水平的增加，生活水平的提高，给上海的饰品业带来前所未有的发展空间，为造就了一个消费额巨大的饰品时尚市场提供了经济基础。使大学生对DIY手工艺品的时尚性消费，新潮性消费，体验性消费成为可能。 8. 找出下列句中的状语 There

29、was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 如果顾客在消费中受到营业员的热情，主动而周到的服务，那就会有一种受到尊重的感觉，甚至会形成一种惠顾心理，经常会再次光顾，并为你介绍新的顾客群。而且顾客的购买动机并非全是由需求而引起的，它会随环境心情而转变。 He began to learn English when he was eleven. 众上所述，我们认为：我们的创意小屋计划或许虽然会有很多的挑战和困难，但我们会吸取和借鉴“漂亮女生”和“碧芝”的成功经验，在产品的质量和创意上多下工夫，使自己的产

30、品能领导潮流，领导时尚。在它们还没有打入学校这个市场时，我们要巩固我们的学生市场，制作一些吸引学生，又有使学生能接受的价格，勇敢的面对它们的挑战，使自己立于不败之地。 The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. 培养动手能力 学一门手艺 打发时间 兴趣爱好 She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you

31、 must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 答案 1. teacher man dictionary To do 2. B A C A C C D C A A 3. tired. worried yellow. interested the first 4. homework. English. attention words to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum it school. who “Father Christmas” really is. 5. us, 间接宾语 a stor