英语新闻报道的结构.docx

1、英语新闻报道的结构英语新闻报道的结构一.新闻标题HEADLINE标题短而精，不好懂。但标题是理想的“向导”它是新闻内容的集中和概括，用简练的语言浓缩新闻中最主要或最值得关注的内容。使读者尽量“一见钟情”。In short, it has 4 functions: 1. Summarizing the story 2. Arousing the readers interest3. Beautifying the newspaper page 4. Indicating how much importance each news item has(一)标题的类型（省略、时态、语态）英语新闻标题可

2、按形式与意义进行分类。根据形式分类1.左齐头式标题（Flush Left Headline）IMF Will HaveSay 2.通栏式标题（Banner Headline）又叫做头号大标题House Passes Obama Plan to Cut Taxes3阶梯式标题（Drop Form Headline）形态美观，赏心悦目FBI. Agrees to CeaseIts Illegal Surveillance Of the Research Institute4倒金字塔式标题（Inverted Pyramid Headline）Factory WalkoutThreat OverSac

3、king5. 双标题复合式标题(Double Headline)此类标题通常出现在对重大事件的报道中，其形式为两行标题，有主标题与副标题。Example 1：Expected to go to USCastro to Free Thousands of Prisoners Example 2：It Isnt the Cow That Are Mad Its the People That Are Going Mad6转页式标题（Jump Head Headline）Example：Pentagon PlansSystem to FightRussia Satellites(Original)U

4、.S. Plans WeaponAgainst Satellites(Jump Head)根据意义分类直接类标题（Straight Headline）此类标题开门见山，直接告诉我们报道的主题，是最常见的标题形式，也非常易于理解。Example 1：Railroad Workers Strike in ArgentinaExample 2：Man Jailed for MurderExample 3：Oil Tanker Fire问题类标题（Questioning Headline）此类标题尾部通常带有问号，但大多并不表示发问。其含义通常是：暗示可能性。对新闻的真实性及准确性表示怀疑Exampl

5、e 1：Oil Price to Rise?Example 2：New Cabinet Today?Example 3:Jones Planned to Kill Bush?Example 4：Police Allowed Jailbreak?特写类标题（Feature Headline）此类标题通常用于重大新闻以外的特别的报道，要么内容不同寻常，要么读者会对这方面内容颇感兴趣。这类标题不太容易读懂，有时得借助于对整篇文章的理解。Example 1：Down in the mouthnews for dentists其报道内容是讲述一种将问世的预防牙齿腐烂的疫苗。Example 2：The m

6、an who Reigned UKs Queen Reign的含义是rule，仅用于国王或女王，因此man与reign的搭配令人费解，从而达到了勾起读者阅读欲望的效果。看完全篇才明白，原来the man不过是一条名为Queen Mary的船长而已。引语式标题（Oration Headline）1.将人们说的常理性的话作标题。 “We Owe Our Lives to Our Pilot”2.直接引用记者听到某人的原话作标题，或是记者采访的对象所言，或是发言人所说的话。a.“We Have to Save Our People”b.“We wont Quit”3.利用文章中的一句话、半句话、几个

7、字或一个字作标题I Have a Dream Mug ump Britain(Mug ump n.(政治上的)超然派，骑墙派，（论争中的）中立者批评英国在外交上脚踏两只船，一方面与美国保持“特殊关系”，紧跟美国，另一方面又声称要与西欧国家站在一起。4.标题中部分带引号的词，有时其词义往往不是其通常的意思。Norse“Invasion”此标题可不是指古代北欧人对不列颠的入侵和征服，而是指大批挪威人到苏格兰去旅游购物。这个“invasion”因不是常义，故加引号，相当于汉语“所谓的入侵”的意思。(二)标题的省略For example:Brazil dances to dazzling triump

8、h 改成Brazil dances to dazzling triumph of the World Cup(1)冠词省略 (The) US Role in a New World(A)Lightening Kills Golfer Viedo Shows(the)beheading of American Hostage(2)联系动词省略Gates (is) Still the Worlds Richest China Launches (Its) First Manned Spacecraft 为了强调就会例外Iraq Says It Will Punish Americans Keend

9、edy: Iraq is W.BushVietnam (3)助动词常省略(A) Tourist (Is)Arrested for Espionage Charges 表示一个时A不可省略例如A Historical Event for the Chinese Nation Coming Soon: A Telephone Tooth(4)标点的运用用逗号代替AND；Chinas Oldest,Longest Bridge Found in Xian 用冒号所讲的话或出处、联系动词BE；Source: Missing Marines Tells Family Hes Safe 分号两层意思；Mi

10、litants Kill29; Weak Peace Shattered U.S. and Allies Open Air War on Iraq, Bomb Baghdad and Kuwaiti Targets; “No Choice”But Force, Bush Declares破折号强调; U.S. Marines Whereabouts UnknownLebanese Family(Reuters)被劫人质家属称，美国海军陆战队员下落不明。 (三)标题的时态一般不用过去时，当然更不用过去完成时，而用现在时造成新闻现在进行时。（JOURNALISTIC PRESENT TENSE）一

11、般采用：现在时、现在进行时和将来时1.一般现在时通常用来表示过去发生的事Greece Wins Euro ChampioshipOil Price Soared 20% in October(特殊感情)Unemployment in California Increased in December2.动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式表达Russian Defense Minister to Visit ChinaIndia ,Parkistan to Resume Border Talk 3.现在分词直接表示正在进行的动作或事件IT Sector Growing FastD.TV Cove

12、rage Widening (四)标题的语态被动语态结构BE+过去分词，但BE通常被省略，也经常不用“BY”引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题中可以直接表示被动意思，切忌误解为该动词的过去式。例1：Van Goghs Recovered after Theft(Van Goghs are Recovered after the Theft) 例2：Father Jailed for Murder of Daughter(Father is Jailed for the Murder of His Daughter)比较以下两例为什么500 Reported Killed in Korean

13、 Building Collapse&Collapse Claims 500 Lives in Korean(五) 标题欣赏及汉译（1）直译例1Looking Back to Looking Ahead例2Americans Careening Foreign Policy 例3 Obama Catches Office in White House As US President (2) 添加Hu to Visit Europe Wens Visit a Milestone in Bilateral Ties(3)修辞例After the Boom Everything Is Gloom 例

14、Liberty Mother of Invention例Accuser Accused例Middle East: A Cradle of Terror?例Desperate Need ,Desperate Deed例2008: Year of Marco Polo Chic例A Vow to Zip His Lips 例SilentOffice Workers Demand to Be Headed例Russian Reform Old Wine in New Bottle(4)口语俗语例Iraq Gets OK to Sell $1.6 Billion in Oil例Japan Wants

15、Talk, RK Says No 例China Is Alive Kicking 例Taiwan Economy Slides例Wall Street Takes a Dive例Soccer Kicks off with Violence例Grass-roots Election Flourishes例China Should Give Priority to “Bottlenecks”例Ballots, Not Bullets例Was Dolly a Mistake?例Can He Do as Deng?例Elegant and Graceful例Catching the Asian Flu例Free Fall例The “Sun” Sets for the Last Time