人教版初二下英语unit10语法篇教师版word文档.docx

1、人教版初二下英语unit10语法篇教师版word文档Unit 10 语法篇我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议

2、论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 _语文课本中的文章都是精选的比较优秀的文章,还有不少名家名篇。如果有选择循序渐进地让学生背诵一些优秀篇目、精彩段落,对

3、提高学生的水平会大有裨益。现在,不少语文教师在分析课文时,把文章解体的支离破碎,总在文章的技巧方面下功夫。结果教师费劲,学生头疼。分析完之后,学生收效甚微,没过几天便忘的一干二净。造成这种事倍功半的尴尬局面的关键就是对文章读的不熟。常言道“书读百遍,其义自见”,如果有目的、有计划地引导学生反复阅读课文,或细读、默读、跳读,或听读、范读、轮读、分角色朗读,学生便可以在读中自然领悟文章的思想内容和写作技巧,可以在读中自然加强语感,增强语言的感受力。久而久之,这种思想内容、写作技巧和语感就会自然渗透到学生的语言意识之中,就会在写作中自觉不自觉地加以运用、创造和发展。 _要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的

4、，看不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老

5、”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 现在完成时for，since用法“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或

6、是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 1. 表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since

7、 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)2. 口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)3. have been to与have gone

8、to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：-Where is Mr Li? He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。) -Do you know something about Beijing? Yes, I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。)4. 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：瞬间性动词的完成时延续性动词

9、或状态动词的完成时have(already)gone tohavebeen in / at for (two years)hascome tohasbeen heresince (1990)(had)left(had)been away fromarrivedbeen indiedbeen deadbegunbeen onendedbeen overbought.hadborrowedkeptjoinedbeen in 或者使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+过去时间状语注意 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是

10、：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)1. They have been friends over ten years. A. sinceB. inC. forD. with解析：现在完成时中和一段时间连用的介词为for，故选C。 2. - How long have you the bike?- For three years. A. borrowedB. lentC. boughtD. had 解析：在现在完成时中，和for，since连用的谓语应该是延续性动词而不是为

11、点动词，故选D。3. He has lived here he was six years old. A. sinceB. forC. whenD. from解析：引导现在完成时的时间状语时，for+一段时间，since+时间点或句子，故选A。 4. Rose came to Beijing in 2019. She here for eight years. A. was livingB. liveC. will liveD. has lived解析：因为是for引导一段时间，同时根据题意可知此题为一般现在时，故选D。 5. - did your brother leave home?- H

12、e for nearly half an hour. A. When; has leftB. When; has been away C. How long; has leftD. How long; has been away解析：在问句中因为leave是点动词，因此是问你弟弟什么时候离开家，故用when，第二个句子因为是和for引导的一段时间，故为现在完成时，同时谓语应该为延续性动词，故选B。基础演练一、单项选择（共10小题；共10.0分） 1. - Weve lived here 2019.- So youve lived here about five years. A. since;

13、 forB. for; sinceC. for; forD. since; since 2. Miss Gao has taught us English two years. I have been here two years ago. A. since; forB. since; sinceC. for; sinceD. for; for 3. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago, and I him since then. A. dont seeB. didnt seeC. havent seenD. wont see 4.

14、 The train here for ten minutes already. A. has beenB. has comeC. has stoppedD. has gone 5. The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2019. They there for three years since then. A. liveB. livedC. have livedD. will live 6. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! A. leftB. went away from C. have leftD.

15、 have been away from 7. She this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowedB. has lentC. has boughtD. has kept 8. - How is your grandfather?- Oh, he for half a year.- I am sorry to hear that. A. has diedB. diedC. has been deadD. dies 9. Sam Chinese since he came to China. He speaks Chinese well no

16、w. A. learnsB. learnedC. has learnedD. will learn10. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共5.0分）11. - 你做了多长时间的作业了?- 两个小时了。-How long you your homework?- two hours.12. 詹姆斯自从2019年就在北京做外教。James a foreign teacher in Beijing 2019.13. 这本书你已

17、经借了一个星期了。请尽快还回来。You this book for a week. Please give it back as soon as possible.14. 从2019年开始，他就离开了家乡。He away from his hometown 2019.15. 他奶奶生病了, 已经住院一个月了。His grandmother in hospital for a month .答案一、单项选择 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. C 二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)11. have ; done ; For12. has

18、 been, since13. have kept14. has been;since15. has been ill巩固提高根据汉语意思翻译句子（每空一词）1. 我还没有完成作业。I _ _ my homework _.2. 上周我妈妈去美国了，到现在还没有回来。My mother _ to America last week, and she _ _ back yet.3 你喂小狗了吗？ 喂了。我刚刚喂了它。 _ you _ the little dog? Yes, I _ it just now.4他已经看了两个小时的电视了。He _ _ _ TV for two hours.5他离开家

19、乡三年了。_ _ _ three years _ he left hometown.6Susan两个月前离开了学校。Two months _ _ _ Susan left school.7我去过北京两次了。I _ _ _ Beijing twice.8 你读过小妇人吗？ 不，我还没有。 _ you _ Little Woman yet? No, _ _.9你决定英语课要写的书了吗？_ you _ yet which book _ _ about for English class?10. 我选了金银岛，但是我还没有读完它。I chose Treasure Island, but I _ _ r

20、eading it _.havent finished; yetwent; hasnt comeHave; fed; fedhas already watchedIt has been; sincehas passed sincehave been toHave; read; I havent Have; decided; to writehavent finished; yet一、用动词的正确形式填空1_ she _ (water) the flowers yet?2He _ (leave) the country and gone to India.3I have _ (be) here

21、for three months.4I _ already _ (buy) a new car.5I _ (have) no news from him for a long time.二、 将下列句子改为现在完成时，每空一词6. He came back two hours ago.He _ _ back _ two hours.7She joined the music club last week.She _ _ _ the music club _ two weeks.8They came here in 2019.They _ _ here _ 2019.9. Jane borrow

22、ed the book last month.Jane _ _ the book _two months.10. Tom bought the car in 2009.Tom _ _ the car _ 2009.1. Has; watered 2. has left 3. been 4. have; bought 5. have had6. has been; for 7. has been in; for 8. have been; since 9. has kept; for 10. has had; since二、完型（171中学期中考试题）Young people are often

23、 unhappy when they are with their parents. They say that their parents dont 1 them. They often think their parents are too strict with them, and they are never given a 2 hand. Parents often find 3 difficult to win their childrens trust and they seem to forget how they themselves 4 when they were you

24、ng. For example, young people like to do things without much thinking. Its one of their ways to 5 that they grow up and they can do with any difficult things. Older people worry more easily. Most of them plan things ahead and dont like their plans to be changed. When you want your parents to let you

25、 do something, you will have better success 6 you ask before you really start doing it. Young people often make their parents angry by clothes they want, the music they enjoy and something else. But they 7 to cause any trouble. They just feel that in this way they can be cut off from the old peoples

26、 world and they want to make a new culture of their own. And if their parents dont like their music or clothes or their manner of speech, the young people feel very 8 . Sometimes you even dont want your parents to say “ 9 ” to what you do. You want to stay at home 10 and do what you like. If you pla

27、n to control your 11 , youd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do 12 you want to do.1.A. rememberB. cook meals for C. understandD. know2.A. helpfulB. usefulC. freeD. strong3.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it4.A. thoughtB. wantedC. neededD. felt5.A. learnB. seeC.