高中三大从句用法原理及写作应用第一部分.docx

1、高中三大从句用法原理及写作应用第一部分高中英语三大从句用法原理及写作应用第一部分 用法原理 导入-以下划线部分从句的类别A. 宾语从句 B. 状语从句 C. 定语从句Father was preparing his report while I was doing homework. （ ）Bruce Lee, who was a famous Kungfu star, will be remembered by fans. （ ）Im afraid we cant get there on time. （ ）The plan that we should build up another b

2、ridge will be discussed in the meeting. （ ）I dont know whether the movie star will come or not. （ ）I couldnt go any faster though the car behind was gaining on us. （ ） 宾语从句（一）宾语从句考点1连接词；2时态；3语序；4. 写作应用（第二部分涉及）（二）宾语从句讲解-连接词1. that引导述意义的宾语从句，无实际意思，在从句中也不充当任何成分；that常被省略；Jane reminded (that) having a ca

3、r trip with Tina was not a good idea.2. whether与if引导（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句）从句，表选择意义，意思为是否；一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换；I wondered if/whether the weather would be fine again in the next few days.【注意】先选择答案，再划出关键词，最后总结特殊用法Everything depends on (whether/if) we have enough money. _I dont know (whether/if) the movie star

4、will come or not. _We havent been decided (whether/if) to go there or not . _3. what, who, whom, which这是一组连接代词，引导（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句）从句。 whom引导宾语从句时一般可由_替换，但如果从句的介词提前，则只能用（whom/ who）；【考例】I wonder with _ she is angry.A. that B. which C. who D. whom此外，when, where, why, how这是一组连接副词，引导疑问意义的宾语从句。 I dont know wh

5、y he was absent for school, for he didnt ask for a leave beforehand.4. 某些形容词如afraid, sure, glad, happy等后也可以带宾语从句（也有人认为是状语从句）。【口头翻译】Im afraid (that) we cant get there on time. Hes not sure whether he can find her. （三）宾语从句讲解-时态使用原则：宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致，即“主现从不限，主过从过”。1. 如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时），

6、宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态，即“主限从不限”；【考例】用给出的动词的适当形式填空 Please tell me when we _ (have) the meeting.I still havent know who they _ about just now.A. are talking B. talked C. will talk D. have talked2如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态，即“主过从过”；他说他会帮助她。【误】He said he will kill her. 【正】He said he would kill h

7、er.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。【误】She told us Lucy returned home already. 【正】She told us Lucy had returned home.【考例】按要求完成题目玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。（完成句子；一空一词）Mary was wondering who _ _ the question.I didnt tell them where they _ the meeting.我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。A. will have B. were going to have C. had have D. haveCopernicus (哥

8、白尼) claimed that the earth _ around the sun. A. go C. went C. goes D. was going around【注意】如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等，则不管主句是何种时态，从句一律用_。e.g She said (that) a friend in need is a friend indeed. （四）宾语从句讲解-语序使用原则：宾语从句的语序一律使用述语序；即“连主谓”1. 当宾语从句原为述句时，用that引导，语序不变。（注意时态的一致）e.g 老师说Tom不是个好学生。Tom isnt a good st

9、udent. (The teacher told us) The teacher told us (that) Tom wasnt a good student. 连 主 谓 连词可省略；从句谓语要与主语谓语时态匹配e.g 她怀疑他是否已经戒烟了。He has given up smoking. (She doubted)She doubted if he had given up smoking. 连主 谓 if可用whether替换；从句谓语要与主语谓语时态匹配e.g 我想知道他今天究竟怎么了。I wondered whats wrong with him.I wondered whats

10、 the matter with him.whats wrong./ whats the matter.句型，what在从句中既是连接词也充当主语，因此语序不变。【考例】判定正误，对的句子请在横线处打“”；有错的请划出出错部分并直接改正I wondered whether Jim is a doctor. _She asked me where were you going. _Jean wondered what did he want to do. _Could you please tell when and where the meeting will be held? _【注意】委婉

11、表达_等句型，不表过去时态，仍然参考“主现从不限”原则。（五）宾语从句其他考点-否定前置使用原则：1. 当主句的主语为第一人称；2. 主句谓语为think, believe, feel等观点类动词；3. 宾语从句的否定词前移至主句，即否定前移；e.g 我认为他不是小偷。He isnt a thief. (I think) I think he isnt (is not) a thief. I dont (do not) think he is (not) a thief. e.g 我相信杰克学习不努力。Jack didnt study hard. (I believed) I believed

12、 Jack hadnt studied hard. I didnt believe Jack had studied hard. 注意从句时态 注意主从句各自谓语的正确形式【即学即练】宾语从句练习题（一）将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1. These flowers are from Guangdong. (He said)He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. (My teacher told me)My teacher told me _ light _ faste

13、r than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. (Jack didnt know)Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.（二）选择填空1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where

14、was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car4. She told me the sun _ in the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D.

15、 had risen5. -Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? -Sorry, Ive no idea.A. /, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought6. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never goneC. has never been D. had never been7. The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B

16、. has C. will have D. are 8. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that9. I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where10. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how（三）句型转换1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother as

17、ked him. （同义句；一空一词）Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. This is a good idea.（I thought；否定前移；一空一词）I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. 翻译：一些人相信某些星球也会存在生命。_ 状语从句（一）状语从句考点1. 各种状语从句连接词使用；2. 状语从句倒装及省略；3. 写作应用（第二部分涉及）（二）状语从句讲解-时间状语从句连接词：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once、as soon as.【辨析】when & whi

18、lewhen从句连接_/_（时态）；即可用（短暂性/ 持续性）动词When they were talking and laughing, the teacher came in. He waved a hello when he saw her.while从句连接_（时态）；即可用（短暂性/ 持续性）动词While they were chatting, the teacher came in. 【辨析】notuntil1. notuntil/till表示直到才，主句通常要用短暂性动词People dont know the value of their health till/ until

19、 they lose it.2. 当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用半倒装语序。Not until yesterday did I know I was wrong. 【考例】按要求完成练习1. We were asked to stop when we just _ (start) working on this project.2. 我坚持不断尝试直到获得成功。（一空一词）I _ _ on trying _ I succeed.3. _ (当.的时候) I was doing homework, my mom was preparing for dinner. （三）

20、状语从句讲解-条件状语从句连接词：if, unless, so/ as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case.【辨析】if、unless和if .notI will let you in if you show me your pass.I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass.考点：1. 主从句使用_；2. unless=if .notDifficulties are nothing

21、if we are not afraid of them.Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.考点：主从句使用_（四）状语从句讲解-原因状语从句使用原则：1. why引导的问句只能用（because/ since/ as）回答；2. since有“既然”的意思既然大家都在这儿了，我们开干吧。 Since everyone is here, lets get started.（五）状语从句讲解-结果状语从句连接词：so that/ sothat/suchthat1. so +adj./adv. +thatso +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数+

22、thatso +many/much/few/little+名词+thatIt is so hot that we cant sleep. It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+thatsuch +adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch +a lot of/lots of +名词+thatIt is such a useful book that she has read it twice. There was such delicious food that

23、 he had too much.3. so that 引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用；She hurried, so that she caught the bus. （结果） She hurried so that she might catch the bus. （目的）【考例】用so that、sothat、suchthat填空1. He studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2. He was _ angry _ he couldnt speak. 3. There was _ a lot of rain

24、_ we couldnt go out. 4. Its _ interesting a film _ we all want to see it. 5. He had _ many falls _ he was black and blue all over. （六）状语从句讲解-让步状语从句连接词：although, though, ever, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though.【辨析】although 和though均意为“虽然，尽管”，二者均不可以与_连用；although较though 正式，更多用于句首；though可用于

25、句首、句中或句末（句末时意为“可是”）；【辨析】as引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管”，从句要部分倒装；其结构为：n./adj./adv./v +as +主语谓语e.g 尽管他很年轻，他能用几种外语读写。Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.(As he is young)e.g 尽管他还是小孩，他已经要负担家计了。Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）(As he was child) 【考例】按要求完成练习1. No

26、matter _ much I have to pay, I will take it. （填空）2. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child.A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as3. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever（七）状

27、语从句讲解-地点状语从句连接词：where, wherever和everywhere，anywhere等引导，Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.Ill go wherever he goes.Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。（八）状语从句讲解-目的状语从句连接词：so，so that，in order that，in

28、case，for fear that，lest (唯恐、以免、为不使）等；其谓语动词常与情态动词can、could、may、might、should、would连用。e.g 带上雨衣，以防下雨。 Take your raincoat in case it rains. 他很早就离开了，生怕错过最后一班火车。 He left early in case he should miss the last train.【考例】1. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that2. John may phone tonight. I dont want to