15考研英语一真题.docx

1、15考研英语一真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published fro

2、m the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 . While 1% may seem 6

3、, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the 8 our kin.” The study 9 found that the genes for small were something shared in friends but not genes for

4、immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional Kinship” of

5、being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes to be evolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain peopl

6、es 18 to be friend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 1、 Awhat Bwhy Chow Dwhen2、 Adefended Bconcluded Cwithd

7、rawn D advised3、 Afor Bwith Cby Don 4、 Aseparated Bsought Ccompared D connected 5 、Atests B objects Csamples Dexamples 6、 AInsignificant Bunexpected C unreliable Dincredible7、 Avisit Bmiss C know D seek8、 Asurpass B influence C favor Dresemble9、 Aagain B also Cinstead Dthus10、A Meanwhile BFurthermor

8、e C Likewise DPerhaps11、A about B to C from Dlike12、A limit B observe C confuse Ddrive13、A according to B rather than C regardless of Dalong with14、Achances Bresponses Cbenefits Dmissions15、A faster Bslower C later Dearlier16、A forecast B remember C express Ddisruptive17、A unpredictable B contributo

9、ry C controllable Ddisruptive18、A tendency B decision Carrangement Dendeavor19、A political Breligious C ethnic Deconomic20、A see Bshow C prove DtellSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your an

10、swers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, dies the Spanish

11、crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was

12、 following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity polarized. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region

13、 in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and que

14、ens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claimed to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today - embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the i

15、ncreasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.

16、 Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to

17、 survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifest

18、yle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service - as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the mo

19、narchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraph, King Juan Carl of SpainA used to enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royalsC cased his relationship with his rivals D ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostlyA owing to

20、their undoubted and respectable statusB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voters more public figures to look up toD due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocrats excessive reliance on inher

21、ited wealth.B The role of the nobility in modern democracies.C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because CharlesA takes a tough line on political issues.B fails to change his lifestyle as advised

22、.C takes republicans as his potential allies.D fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne C Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs D Charles, Slow to React to

23、the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain fr

24、om a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be reckless

25、ly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phon

26、e- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocket book, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smart phone is more like entering his

27、or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias ar

28、gument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in t

29、he 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate toA search for suspects mobile phone

30、s without a warrant.B check suspects phone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA tolerance.B indifference.C disapproval.D cautiousness.

31、28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comparable toA getting into ones residence.B handing ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.C phones are used to store sensitive information.D citizens privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerrs comparison is q