新航道考研英语长难句100句解析经典.docx

1、新航道考研英语长难句100句解析经典长难句是英语考试中必考的内容，许多同学之所以英语成绩不高，正是因为阅读习惯和思维方式受到句子长度和难度的干扰，这也是出题者的意图所在。下面给大家介绍几种常见的英语长难句，方便大家复习。1.含有分隔结构的句子分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现，它的作用主要是调整语气、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。在阅读长难句中出现较多的分隔形式是插入语。插入语有很多不同的类型，可以是一个词，比如形容词(strange，etc)、副词(personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，etc)；可以是短语，比如形容词短语(worst still，sure e

2、nough，etc)、介词短语(of course，in short，as a matter of fact，by the way，etc)、分词短语、动词不定式(to be sure，to tell you the truth， etc)；也可以是句子，比如if I may say so，if you dont mind，that is(to say)等都是非常常见的插入语。通常，去掉句中这些插入成分不会影响句子的完整性。如：I say /hear，I think /hope / believe，you know / see，whats more，Im afraid，do you think

3、 / suppose等。如：His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 这是一个典型的含有多个插入语的长句。as chairman of Computer Associates International是he

4、的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，它们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。去掉这些插入语后，这句话的意思就很清楚了。2.被从句拉长的简单句这些句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况。遇到这种情况时，考生在阅读过程中经常会遗忘前面刚刚读过的内容，往往读了几遍，还搞不清整个句子的结构。如：Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in mot

5、ion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon。事实上，无论多长多复杂的句子，都是由主干和修饰成分这两部分组成的。主干是整句话的主体框架，主要指主谓宾结构(He plays basketball)或主系表结构(This is an apple)。修饰成分可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是从句，无论是何种

6、形式，它在句中都只起到修饰和补充主干的作用。因此，对于这种类型的长句，我们要做的首先是确定主干，然后理清从句结构，再按照所确定的各个成分想想句子的大意，再联系上下文看是否与语境相吻合。如果前后文理不通，则可能是分析有误，这时就需要对句子结构重新进行分析。用上述的方法简化上述的那句话，就会发现，句子的主干是there is not one，后面都是修饰成分。定语从句who has not.natural phenomenon修饰先行词one，在这个定语从句中，of the very same kind.as that.作为后置定语修饰a complex train of reasoning ；句

7、中有一个让步状语though differing in degree作为分隔结构，把the very same.as that分隔开；as that which.中的that是先行词，被which所引导的定语从句修饰。在考研英语阅读中，常用来拉长简单句的就是定语从句和状语从句。尽管很多考生对这两种从句并不陌生，但仍然被它们迷惑，分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。比如分不清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，或者一个从句究竟该在哪里结束。出现这种情况并不完全是因为对语法不够熟悉，而是因为忘记了一个重要的原则-在没有列举的情况下，以句号为标记的一句话中一般只能有一个谓语动词。因此，从句应该在其后的

8、第一个谓语动词和第二个谓语动词之间结束。如果从句中出现连词and等，则有可能连接了两个谓语动词，那么从句就应该在第二个和第三个谓语动词之间结束，以此类推。3.多个并列句构成的长句这是一种相对简单的情况，我们首先要做的就是找到并列连词(and, so, but, or, etc)，然后将长句分解成多个分句，理清各分句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句，即可明了整句话想表达的意思。如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly

9、unhappy. 需要注意的是，这种类型的句子中常出现省略现象，比如在本例中，第二个并列句即had前面就省去了and he。4.复合从句对于复合从句，要首先找出从属连词并确定主句，接着按照简单句的分析方法，梳理各分句的结构和意义，然后确定各从句的性质，也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构，最后综合整体考虑全句大意。如：In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns t

10、hat followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so。在这个句子中，首先确定连词whereas(而)表示对比，确定主句并找出主干结构，也就是the process of industrialization-was spread over nearly a century，破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词process，其中social patterns后面that followe

11、d是一个定语从句。最后需要提醒的是，在进行长难句分析时，还应特别注意以下几点：(1)是否有省略、倒装等现象；(2)明确替代词的所指对象；(3)判断并列成分的层次；(4)句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将它们归入后文的句法分析；(5)在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，要准确判断状语(单个词、短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。李剑考研阅读历年真题长难句翻译参考20120227021. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise

12、, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen

13、to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by

14、seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to

15、 make a free contract with another private individual.5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaign

16、s.6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the sa

17、me age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their s

18、pecial conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.10. Apart from the fact that

19、 twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for eve

20、n a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have meas

21、urable results to show for there efforts.13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustwo

22、rthy and reliable.14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.15. Expertise can be shared world wide through te

23、leconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A

24、-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected man

25、ner.18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the

26、BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so co

27、mmonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible

28、 wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.22. Towns like Bournemouth and East bourne sprang up to house large comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of th

29、e community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management.23. The shareholders as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on

30、the relations of capital and labor was not good. 24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the ol

31、d family business now passing away.25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, spatial thinking about t

32、hings technological. 26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process.The designer and the inventor., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.27. Robert Fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement