翻译功能论对导游词汉英翻译的策略导向.docx

1、翻译功能论对导游词汉英翻译的策略导向翻译功能论对导游词汉英翻译的策略导向 论文关键词：功能论 导游词 中英 翻译策略 论文摘要：随着成功举办第29奥林匹克运动会，中国作为新崛起的大国在世界舞台上扮演着更加重要的角色，使得来华旅游人数的不断攀升，中国的旅游业也在飞速发展着。导游，将肩负起比以往更加艰巨的职责，要把景点的奇美之所在，文化的精妙之处精准地传达介绍给来华游客。导游口译，作为专业领域的翻译，亟需有效的翻译理论指导并提供相应的汉英翻译策略以克服其翻译障碍。本文旨在引进德国的功能派翻译理论对导游词汉英翻译的策略导向进行阐述, 以导游词翻译现状为切入点，涉及纽马克的文本功能分类说以及费米尔的翻

2、译目的论, 简述导游词翻译的语言特征。继而从导游词翻译中所存在的翻译障碍出发，详释产生障碍的原因和中英语言在表现形式的不同点并引用一些导游口译中汉英翻译的实例,通过不同翻译方法的对比分析,提出在处理导游词汉英翻译过程中所需要运用的策略，以此实现在功能派翻译理论指导下进行导游词汉英翻译方面的无与伦比的意义。 Introduction China, a enormous land abundant in sightseeing resources, has ranked high all over the word for its spectacular natural wonders and m

3、ysterious heritages. Tourists can climb the Great Wall ,look around the Imperial Palace in Beijing, wander over the bustling Bund and Nanjing Road in Shanghai, boat along the Qinghuai River in Nanjing, view the terracotta warriors and horses excavated from the Emperor Qinshihuang s Mausoleum in Xian

4、, enjoy Suzhous gardens and the West Lake in Hangzhou. From everywhere in China can visitors be intoxicated with the beautiful sceneries. Tourism brings China a great deal of profits. First, it provides more opportunities for Chinese people to know the international world and promote friendship and

5、understanding. Second, it brings financially benefits and increase the income of government .Meanwhile ,it creates the need to communicate with different with different tongues. Under such circumstances that guide-interpretation has grow up and been authorized as a profession. Guide-interpretation,

6、the process of intercultural communications, happens while guides introduce historical interests and scenic beauties to overseas visitors. The guides need to present the colorful and attractive image of interests of China in the process of guide-interpretation. But for different cultural backgrounds

7、 and customs, it is very difficult for the guide to translate his interpretation into English literally owing to the negative effect exerted by different linguistic obstacles. Without veracious and accurate guide interpretation , overseas visitors may miss essence of culture when they are traveling

8、around China let alone enjoy their journeys. So, it really has been a serious problem that we must confront, and it is also a problem of urgency how to introduce our unique Chinese sightseeing sceneries more properly and exactly and promote the inter-culture communication. As a result, a systematic

9、and effective guide theory is the imperious demand of guide interpretation. As we have always regarded “combing practice with theory”, the theory must provide appropriate strategies for successful guide-interpreting .So Id like to write such a dissertation to argue something about guide-guiding form

10、 the aspect of German functionalist translation theory, which can help us to handle interpreting methodologically. This thesis will narrow down its scope merely on guide-interpreting on C-E, and most samples are gathered from authoritative bilingual books,websites, newspapers ,which will be listed a

11、t the last page of my part . Functionalist Translation Theory Functionalist translation theory, a relatively systematic and consummate theory, is the crystallization of wisdom of scholars in long period of human history.Id like to present a more concentrate and detailed elucidation its features as f

12、ollows27: 2.1 Development of German Functionalist Translation Theory In 1971, in the book Possibilities and Limits of Translation Criticism, Reiss put forward a model of translation criticism which based on the functional relationship between source and target texts in he book Possibilities and Limi

13、ts of Translation Criticism. She still held to the equivalence principle ,therefore her theory was based on the functional equivalence between source and target texts. Vermeer, the student of Reiss, defined translation as a purposeful human activity that takes place in a given situation based on act

14、ion theory. He put forward Skopostheorie which serves as the foundation of the functionalist translation theory. Skopos is a Greek word for “purpose”, and Skopostheorie means the theory of purposeful action. Skopostheorie theory includes three principal rules: namely, the Skopos rule, the coherence

15、rule (intratextual coherence) and the fidelity rule (intertextual coherence). On the basis of Skopostheorie, Justa Holz M ntt ri put forward the notion of “message transmitter” which is composed of textual materials combined with other media such as sounds ,pictures and body movements. Placing speci

16、al emphasis on the actional aspects of the translation process, she analyzed the roles of the participants (initiator, translator, user, message receiver) and the situational conditions (time, place, motive) in which their activities take place. Nord then put forward his two principles about “skopos

17、” and “loyalty”, which constitute the two basic principles of Skopostheory. 2.2 Skopos Theory skopos theory, serving as the central theory of Germany functionalism, is an approach to translation which developed in Germany by Vermeer in the late 1970s, and the word skopos, derived from Greek, is used

18、 as the technical term for the purpose of a translation. Skopos theory plays an important role in translation of non-literary text types. In the translation of scientific and academic papers, instruction, contracts, tourist guides, etc., the contextual elements surrounding the translation cannot be

19、neglected. These elements include the culture of the intended readers of the target text and the culture of the client who has authorized it, and particularly the function that the text is to represent in that culture for those readers. Skopos theory emphasize the interactional, pragmatic aspects of

20、 translation, advancing that the shape of the target text should be determined by the function chiefly or skopos that it is intended to fulfill in the target context. Vermeer assumes that as a general rule, Skopos theory intended purpose of the of the target text that determines methods and strategi

21、es of translation. From this hypothesis he conclude skopos rule: Human (and its subdivision: translation) is determined by its purpose (skopos), and therefore it is a function of its purpose. The main point of this functional method is that the prospective function or skopos of the target text as de

22、termined by the initiators, i.e. Clients needs. Consequently, the skopos is largely restricted by the target text reader and his/her place and cultural background. In the view of Vermeer, the source text is re-conceptualized and is also seen as an information offer, which the translator must interpr

23、et through selecting those features that most closely cater for the requirements of the target situation. 2.3 Text Typology Grounded on Buhlers classification of language functions (i.e. presentation, expression and appeal) and Reisss early text typology theory, Peter Newmark makes a further researc

24、h and classifies all the texts into three textual functions: informative, expressive and vocative functions 3 40. (1) The Informative Function The informative function texts mainly refer to non-literary works including scientific papers, newspaper reports,textbooks, academic theses, and journal arti

25、cles. The first purpose of translating these texts is to fully render the extra-linguistic information of the text. If the target text conveys all the necessary information of the source text correctly and masterly, it can get corresponding effect. Consequently, sometimes it is necessary for us to h

26、ave several different translated versions to express the same source text, and all these versions are worth while to accept. (2) The Expressive Function The expressive function texts generally includes authoritative statements, literary works, autobiography, personal correspondence, etc. Newmark arg

27、ues that a ideal translation of expressive function text is a resurgence of the authors writing style. This function is author-oriented, and the translator should stick by the original author.” The author uses the verbalism to express his feelings unaware of any response. (3) The Vocative Function T

28、he vocative function texts are different from the two texts above. This function concentrates on calling on people to do, to think and to feel. It is reader-oriented and the effect of the translation must be evaluated by readers response. Propaganda materials, notices, advertisements , instructions

29、and other persuasive writings all belongs to this category. In view of the linguistic and cultural barriers between languages, it is essential for the translator to recreate the persuasive translation to attract the target readers, and the recreation is one of the major objectives of tourist materia

30、ls. 2.4 Communicative Translation Apart from the other correspondent classification of textual functions, Newmark puts forward two modes of translation semantic translation and communicative translation. Semantic translation is usually applied to technical, literary and scientific text, likewise oth

31、er contexts where language of the source text is at least as significant as the text. Communicative translation is the one in which the translator attempts to produce the same effect on the TL readers as was produced by the original on the SL readers. Examples of text-types for this mode of translat

32、ion would be proper include textbooks, journalist writing, public notices and most non-literary genres. Different from semantic translation, communicative translation is the reader-oriented translation strategy, and adjust well to informative functions. Guide Interpretation 3.1 Definition of Guide Interpretation The occasion Interpretation carriesout on which people who do not share the same language and culture communication. Interpreting is usually taking place in simultaneous modes. As for guide interpreting, it often takes place when foreign visi