总结.docx

1、总结Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁（17071754） (3) Tom Jones 汤姆琼斯(1749) (4)Amelia 阿米丽亚(1751) （1）The Welsh Opera 威尔斯歌剧 (1731) （2）Don Quixote in England 唐吉诃德在英国 (1734) （3）Pasqin 巴斯昆 (1736) （4）The Historical Register for the Year 1736 一七三六年历史记事 (1737)The “father of the English novel” 评论: The profound knowledge of hum

2、an nature was acquired by “conversation”. Most of his characters are compounded of both observation and imagination, of both experience and invention. He sets up the theory of realism in literary creation. The basis of Fieldings works was “nature herself” (the exact observation and study of real lif

3、e).The centre of his working philosophy was common earthly Man.Daniel Defoe 1660-1731:迪福v Fictionv Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记1719 v 评论:v the founder of the English novel (before his time stories were usually written as long poems or dramas) v The image of Robinson Crusoe: 1. One of the representative of

4、the rising bourgeoisiev 2. An enterprising Englishmanv 3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man. v 4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader. He is alert, vigorous and resourceful 1. Characteristics of Jane Austens novels:1content: Austens novels describe a narrow ra

5、nge of society & events: a quiet, prosperous, middle class circle in provincial surroundings.2. subject matter： limited, the marriage problem of the young leisure-class lady of that age, who had no other choice in her life but to find a good husband.3. . Language: witty conversation & omnipresent(无所

6、不在的) humor. Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness, elegant & refined, but never showy.4. Pride and Prejudice5. First Published : 18136. Themes: love,marriage, reputation, class7. 1) Your understanding of the opening sentence.8. 2) What do you think of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet

7、 in this chapter?9. 3) From the first chapter, what do you think would be the novel deal with? The main idea of this chapterThe parents of the Bennet girls are considering the prospects of their daughters marriage shortly after hearing of the arrival of a rich unmarried young man, Mr. Bingley, as th

8、eir neighbor. Mr. and Mrs. BennetIn the authors description of the conversation between Mr. And Mrs. B, the relationship of the husband and wife and their attitude towards each other are also subtly presented. We can see that Mrs. Bennet is an empty-minded woman. Mr. Bennet is a man of intricate cha

9、racter and quick wit. His teasing tone and sarcastis humor are just beyond his wifes understanding. eg: you are as handsome as any of them. The sentence is used in the ironic way. The pity is that Mrs. Bennet ,who failed to see the irony way, takes it as a kind of flattery from her husband. What doe

10、s the novel deal with? The everyday life in the english countryside, particularly with the love and marriage of the younger members of those families. In the opening sentence of the novel, Jane Austen is making an ironic suggestion that the families in the society she wrote about were always looking

11、 for rich husbands to whom they could marry their daughters. The sentence sets the tone for the entire novel. it is a truth universally acknowledged implies that the novel will deal with truths, but the second half of the sentence reveals that the great universal truth is no more than a consideratio

12、n of a common social situation. 弥尔顿：v Born into bourgeois class Proclaimed that he would write a “great English Epic” Studied independently for six yearsv Strongly supported the Puritan Reformationv Wrote with strong independence and on a variety of topics Church government Divorce Republicanismv Su

13、ffered many tragedies Wife and son died in 1652 Became blind the same year New wife and daughter died in 1656 Went into hiding after the return of Charles II, briefly imprisoned Dismayed by the failure of the ReformationSwift：Literary positionHe is one of greatest masters of English prose;He is a ma

14、ster satirist; even today he is still regarded as a national hero in Ireland(1) Swifts Works：A Tale of a Tub (2) The Battle of Books 一个木桶的故事1704 书战1704Bickerstaff Almanac (比克斯塔夫先生的历书) Predictions for the Year 1708对1708的预言(4) Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff 比克斯塔夫先生的辩护 Swifts greatest satire Gulliver

15、s Travels, is written in 1726, the book has not lost its significance to the present day and can be justly ranked among the best novel of world literature.Concerns in his works Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm. He had a deep hatred for all the rich oppressors and a deep symp

16、athy for all the poor and oppressed. His understanding of human nature is profound. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is needed, but to redress it is very hard. So, in his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform a

17、nd improve human nature and human institutions, there is often an overtone of helplessness and indignation. truths The essence of the Renaissance spirit: the idea that people were wonderful creatures that could reason and create. “Man is the measure of all thingsThe main traits of the Renaissance li

18、teratureIt advocates the full expression of individualism and the fulfillment of ones abilities.3. It affirms the delight of earthly achievement, as well as mans desire for happiness and pleasure. Important poets:1. Edmund Spencer (1552-1599) The Faerie Queen (1590)2. John Milton (1608-1674) Paradis

19、e Lost (1667) Paradise Regained (1671) Samson Agonistes (1671) The rise of novel John Bunyan (1628-1688) Pilgrims Progress (1678) Elizabethan Prose Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Essays (1597) Elizabethan dramaChristopher Marlowe (1564-1593)The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus He is forever unmasking t

20、he world. He discovers how wicked and unjust the world he lives in is. His observation of his world is 莎士比亚 summed up in a bitter sentence: “Denmark is a prison.” Hamlet is not a mere scholar, simply meditative by nature. On the contrary, Hamlet is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated,

21、a man of profound perception and sparkling wit. He is a scholar, soldier and statesman all combined. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance. P. B. Shelley (1792-1822 Ode to the West Wind西风颂 To a Skylark云雀颂 The Cloud云 Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 Queen Mab 麦布女王 The Masque of

22、 Anarchy 专治魔王的化装游行 The Necessity of Atheism无神论的重要性 A Defence of Poetry诗辩Shelley grew up with revolutionary ideas under the influence of Hume and Godwin. He held a life long aversion to cruelty, injustice, authority and institutional religion. Shelley is one of the greatest English lyrical poets. He

23、expresses his love for freedom and his hatred towards tyranny. His poems abound with personification, metaphor and other figures of speech. Shelley is one of the most important dramatists of English Romanticism. His greatest achievement in theater lies in his poetic drama Prometheus Unbound. William

24、 Wordsworth(1770-1850) William Wordsworth, is the representative poet of the early romanticism. He is one of the greatest English poets, a leader of the Romantic Movement in England. A great poet of nature The Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud), Tintern Abbey, To the Cuckoo, My Heart Leaps up,

25、 To a Butterfly, An Evening Walk, & The Sparrows Nest. His best known poems about human life include: Lucy Poems, The Solitary Reaper and The Old Cumberland Beggar, Michael, & To a Highland Girl. Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper（崇拜者） of nature.” To Wordsworth, nature acts

26、 as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement with the development of embodied human beings in their diverse circumstances. e.g. I wandered Lonely as a Cloud Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his

27、themes. Lucy Poems Wordsworth redefines poetry itself: “For all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” 好的诗歌是强烈感情的自然流露 Wordsworth highlighted poetrys emotional quality, imagination, not reason or disciplined thought. Lake Poets 湖畔派诗人 William Wordsworth (1770-1850) Samuel T. Coleridge (1772-1934) Robert Southey (1774-1843)Revolutionary Poets 革命派诗人 George G. Byron (1788-1824) Percy B. Shelley (1792-1822) John Keats (1795-1821)