NAATI 题库3英文.docx

1、NAATI 题库3英文Outsourcing Questions AnsweredThe simple answer to the question of “What is too important to outsource?” is “Whatever makes your business unique”. To put it another way, “Whatever gives your business its competitive advantage?” Everything else should be considered non-core and then the qu

2、estion is can I do this function using in house resources better, more cost effectively and with less risk than an external service provider?It is often wrong to assume that there is more risk getting an external provider to perform certain business activities than keeping them in house. A good anal

3、ogy is that most people in their personal lives choose to outsource the diagnosis and treatment of life threatening situations to medical practitioners, rather than keeping it in-house, because we rightly believe that an external service provider offers less risk than doing it ourselves. In my exper

4、ience, the major risks involved in outsourcing critical projects is that the activities that the outsourcer is contracted to perform become disconnected from the critical business outcomes they were originally set up to support. This typically comes about because the traditional outsourcing model as

5、 depicted in Figure 1 below has seen enterprises retain responsibility for business outcomes, whilst giving control of the activities that determine these business outcomes to an external outsourcing company. The problem with this approach is that businesses are rarely static and over the typical le

6、ngth of an outsourced project, businesses change and evolve, leading to a disconnect between the outcomes a business requires over time and the activities that an outsourcer is contracted to undertake.Light Advantageous for DiabeticsSleeping with the lights on may be the next advice for diabetics ac

7、cording to a current publication. Scientists suggest night-time illumination could help prevent the onset of diabetic retinopathy, a condition which can result in severe visual impairment. The condition affects about 25 per cent of people who suffer from diabetes and is the largest cause of the onse

8、t of adult blindness in Britain. Diabetes causes impaired functioning of blood capillaries, reducing oxygen supply throughout the body. Rod receptors in the retina, which are responsible for night vision, are most sensitive to this change because they have the highest oxygen demand of any cell in th

9、e body at low levels of illumination. A human eye exposed to bright light then total darkness can ramp up its light sensitivity by a factor of about 100,000 times in 30 minutes. This dark adaptation is achieved mainly by neural and chemical processes in the retina. Rod receptors used for night visio

10、n are so dependent upon adequate oxygen supply that dark adaptation of normal eyes has been reported to be diminished at moderate altitudes above sea level due to the slight reduction in available oxygen. The normal eye is only just capable of providing adequate oxygen to the retina during night vis

11、ion. Even in early stages of the disease, diabetics suffer a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) during dark adaptation. This would be expected to occur in the vicinity of the rods, in the deeper layers of the retina, but the retinopathy develops nearer to the surface of the retina. EarthwormsEarthworms have l

12、ong been associated with productive soils. Over 100 years ago, Charles Darwin discovered that earthworms can reprocess their own weight in soil and organic matter in one day. The value of earthworms to agriculture lies in their ability to change the physical and chemical composition of the soil. Phy

13、sically they change the soil by aerating it and increasing water holding capacity, chemically they carry soil nutrients from the soil surface to plant roots.? Earthworms may also reflect environmental changes that are not readily recognized with physical or chemical measures. They may provide an ear

14、ly warning of soil degradation and contamination. In Europe selected earthworm species provide a sensitive measure of soil pollution .?Research on Earthworms Current research in the Divisions of CSIRO Land & Water and CSIRO Entomology is evaluating the potential for improving soil structure and crop

15、 productivity through the management of earthworms. Objectives of the research are:?To determine the distributions and population dynamics of earthworms in agricultural soils, especially beneath pastures, horticultural and cereal crops in south-eastern Australia.To demonstrate the effects of selecte

16、d earthworms on soil structure,fertility so, and plant production.? To identify means of enhancing earthworm performance, either by agricultural management practices or introduction of new species/strains.? To investigate the use of composting worms to reduce organic wastes and the use of worm-worke

17、d waste as a soil conditioner? Results so far have been promising. Current studies with selected earthworm species have shown increases in cereal yields by more than 35%. Selected earthworm species have also been shown to improve crop quality, with higher levels of grain protein.(259 Words)BLOOD-THE

18、 RHESUS FACTORWe all fall into four main blood groups: A, B, AB and O. The types refer to different antigens that sit on the surface of the millions of red blood cells in our bodies. An antigen is a protein that prompts the body to produce an antibody. If you have blood type A, your plasma carries B

19、 antibodies so that if you come into contact with type-B blood, the antibodies seek and destroy the B red blood cells. Contact between the two blood types can have serious consequences, including kidney failure and shock. People with type AB have both A and B antigens while O type blood have neither

20、.An Austrian pathologist identified the first two red cell antigens, A and B, in 1900. In the 1940s, he identified a further class of antigen, the rhesus (Rh) factor, named after the monkeys in which the discovery was made. Rhesus factor is in the red blood cells of most people, but about 15 per cen

21、t of people are rhesus-negative. If you are rhesus-negative and receive rhesus-positive blood, you will produce anti-rhesus antibodies. The first time is not usually crucial, because by then the donated blood is diluted. But if you receive further transfusions of Rh-positive blood, the anti-rhesus a

22、ntibodies will attack the positive blood cells, causing agglutination or clumping, which can be fatal.The biggest problem arises during pregnancy. An Rh-negative woman with an Rh-positive partner is likely to conceive an Rh-positive baby. In late pregnancy, small amounts of the babys blood, with its

23、 Rh-positive cells, can slip across the placenta and into the mothers bloodstream. The mother will start to produce anti-Rh antibodies, which proliferate after the baby is born.Education Must Be A PriorityAustralians, whose present comfort was built largely by the sheer physical labor of farmers and

24、 miners, have not traditionally placed a high value on formal education. Perhaps those early values are still reflected in our governments spending priorities. According to an OECD report, Australia spends less on education (primary, secondary and tertiary) than most other Western countries. Canada,

25、 the United States, France and Sweden the kind of countries we like to compare ourselves to devote a higher proportion of their gross domestic product to education than we do, even through we have a higher proportion of school age children. Though it might be expected that we would spend more on edu

26、cation because of our younger population, Australia, with 24 per cent more children, spends about 10 per cent less on education than the groups average. We also lag well behind most other OECD countries in the proportion of students remaining at school past the mandatory age. World Bank studies of t

27、he causes of development have concluded that education is the single most important factor in ensuring a high standard of living for a country and its individuals. That being so, the OECD findings are cause for concern. Admittedly, the report is based on 1986 87 figures, and since then there has bee

28、n a very significant improvement in the school retention rate and a slight improvement in education funding. But the relatively low priority still accorded to education on Australias spending list indicates a remarkable short-sightedness. Words: 252Hyperactivity drugs and cocaine useCONTROVERSY has

29、flared up again over the claim that the drugs used to treat hyperactive children prime them to abuse cocaine. The latest studies suggest that drug treatment actually makes children with attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder less likely to become cocaine users.Children with ADHD - mostly boys - c

30、onstantly fidget and struggle to concentrate. Their symptoms can be eased by certain stimulant drugs, the most common being Ritalin. But in 1995, brain scans suggested that the distribution of Ritalin in the brain was just like that of cocaine. Since then, researchers have been studying children wit

31、h ADHD to see if there is a link between drug treatment and later cocaine abuse.Worryingly, a study of more than 5000 children with ADHD done by the University of California at Berkeley suggested that those who took Ritalin were three times more likely to use cocaine in adulthood. But the results ha

32、ve still not been published and other researchers have argued that the group who were treated with drugs may have been different - for instance, their ADHD may have been more severe.Researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital have now investigated the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, hallucinogens and cocaine in what they claim is a better defined group of boys with ADHD. All the boys were at least 15 years old, and those who took drugs for the disorder had done so for an average of four years. Drug treatment seemed to reduce the risk of illegal drug abuse by 8