高考英语专题第七讲定语从句.docx

1、高考英语专题第七讲定语从句第七讲定语从句考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1which指物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。2that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。3who，whom的用法who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/t

2、hat不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。4whose的用法whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The school shop，whose customers are mainly studen

3、ts，is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。5关系代词只用that而不用which的情况。(1)先行词为不定代词all，anything，something，everything，nothing，none，the one等或被不定代词修饰时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first place th

4、at they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我爱吃的。(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and persons that they

5、ve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。6关系词只用which而不用that的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用that)(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。(2015福建卷)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解

6、中国。(2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词关系代词”结构时。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句1where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it beg

7、ins to rain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。2当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。(2015浙江卷)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。3why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for which”结构。Do you know the r

8、eason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting？你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。4when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构。(2014湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for h

9、er.我期待着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。巧学巧练单句语法填空/单句改错1(2015陕西卷改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time_he should be able to be independent.解析：句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the time，且从句中缺少时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。答案：when2(2016安徽安庆一中模拟改编)I will never forget suc

10、h a beauTIFul village_I spent my childhood with my grandparents.解析：句意为：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。答案：where3(2014陕西卷改编)Please send us all the information _you have about the candidate for the position.解析：句意为：请把你拥有的关于竞聘这个职位的那个候选人的所有信息发给我们。

11、在本句中，先行词the information 被all 修饰，所以只能填关系代词that，而不填which。答案：that4(2016四川卷改错)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.解析：根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为The dishes，关系词在从句中作动词cooked的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导，关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可以省略。答案：whatthat/which5(2015全国卷改错)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and

12、found where his parents were missing.解析：此处表示他转过身发现他的父母不见了。分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意思完整，故用that引导，此处也可以省略that。答案：wherethat或去掉where考点二限制、非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，如果在先行词的后面出现逗号的，即为非限制性定语从句。1that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。Tom failed again in the match，which was a great pity.汤姆在比赛中又一次失

13、利了，这是一个非常大的遗憾。3as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。as在句中的位置比较灵活，意为“正如，正像”；which只能用在句中，意为“这，这一点”。The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didnt help.母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”4在限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的th

14、at/whom/which不与介词直接连用时可省略，但在非限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词不能省略。At the requests of some English learners，he has published a lot of books，one of which is about English idioms.在英语学习者的要求下，他出版了一些书，其中一本是关于英语习语的。巧学巧练单句语法填空/单句改错1(2016吉林省实验中学第二次模拟)There they met people from other parts of the country，_had also voluntee

15、red to help.解析：句意为：在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人，他们也是自愿来帮忙的。分析句子结构可知，此处应是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是people，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。答案：who2(2016浙江台州书生中学第一次月考改编)Bob is in a hopeless situation，_we will keep a very close eye on.解析： 句意为：鲍勃现在正处于绝望的境地，我们将持续紧密关注。此处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词是situation，从句中介词on后面缺少宾语，故填which。答案：which3(2016四川绵阳诊

16、断改编)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.解析：句意为：让孩子们能看到不同的自己很有帮助。situation作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。答案：where4(2016湖南岳阳一中检测改编)The old man turned his business over to his younger son，_made his elder son discouraged.解析：句意为：那些老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。

17、设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。答案：which5(2016江西南昌十所重点中学二模)We can hear birds singing happily all around.Everybody sleeps in tents，that is very exciting.解析：第二句逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，应用which引导。故将that改为which。答案：thatwhich考点三介词关系代词引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词

18、指人时，关系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。He bought the car for more than $20,000，with which his father was angry.他花2万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。I saw some trees，the leaves of which were black with disease.我看到一些树，树叶由于疾病是黑色的。2关系副词when，where在定语从句中，一般可改为“介词which”的情况。而why在定语从句中可替换为for which。I still remember the factor

19、y in which/where I worked.我仍记得我工作过的那个工厂。3“名词of which”常代替“whose名词”在定语从句中作定语。He mentioned a book，the title of which(whose title)Ive forgotten.他提到了一本书，书的名字我已经忘了。巧学巧练单句语法填空/单句改错1In our class there are 46 students，of_half wear glasses.答案：whom2(变式)In our class there are 46 students，and half of _wear glass

20、es.答案：them3(2015重庆卷改编)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of_were published in the 1990s.解析：句意为：他写了很多少儿读物，几乎一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对主句进行补充说明。在介词of之后作宾语，代替指物的先行词childrens books，故用which。答案：which4(2016山东省实验中学模拟)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of who are family members.解析：

21、介词后指人，定语从句whom作宾语。答案：whowhom5(2016江苏卷)Many young people，most of_were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.解析：句意为：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为young people，指人，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Most of the young people were welleducated.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故答案为whom。答案：whom.单句语法填空1(2015四

22、川卷改编)The books on the desk，_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.解析：句意为：桌上那些书是给我们的奖品，它们的封面闪闪发亮。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the books与名词covers 是从属关系，故填关系代词whose。答案：whose2(2016浙江湖州中学期中改编)Toms new watch_hands are made of gold is quite expensive.解析：句意为：汤姆的新手表的指针是金制的，相当昂贵。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为watch，hands与watch之间为所属关系，应用whos

23、e引导该从句。答案：whose3(2016浙江平阳二中期中改编)Take an active part in the activities you enjoy_you can make many friends.解析：句意为：积极参加你喜欢的活动，在这些活动中你能交到很多朋友。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是activities，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。也可填and，构成“祈使句and陈述句”结构。答案：where/and4(2016江苏泰州一中模拟改编)Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to

24、be weak in handling some practical problems，_is often the case.解析：句意为：那些能在课堂上取得高分的人往往不擅长解决实际问题，这是常有的事情。as is often the case意为“这是常有的事情”，为固定用法。答案：as5(2016辽宁朝阳三校联考)On an autumn afternoon，we were sent to a farm_we learnt to plant potatoes.解析：句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中

25、作地点状语，故用where引导。答案：where6(2016浙江东阳二中调研改编)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_lives were affected.解析：句意为：这本书从生活遭受地震影响的人们的视角来讲述地震的故事。主句结构完整，先行词为those，引导词代替先行词在从句中修饰名词lives，作定语，因此用whose。答案：whose7(2016河北唐山一模)Then I noticed an elderly lady walking with difficulty in front o

26、f me，_seemed in her 80s.解析：句意为：然后我注意到一位老妇人在我前面艰难地走着，看上去有80岁了。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an elderly lady，指人，且在从句中作主语，故用who引导。答案：who8(2016河北定州中学模拟)Some think it is convenient to get in touch with others with the cellphone，_also makes them feel safe especially in time of trouble.解析：句意为：一些人认为用手机与其他人联系很方便，这也使他们特别

27、是在遇到麻烦时感到安全。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the cellphone，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which引导。答案：which9(2016山东济宁模拟)This means people can check out the pictures_appear in the brains of animals such as insects，birds，and fish.解析：句意为：这意味着人们能够查看图片，这些图片是呈现在如昆虫、鸟和鱼等动物的大脑中的。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the pictures，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。答案：that/whi

28、ch10(2016辽宁省实验中学分校模拟)When I was young，we lived in what is now a forest preserve.People had the bad habit of abandoning dogs，_drove my poor mother crazy！We were not rich and already had a dog.解析：设空处所在句子为非限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，指代前面提到的事情。故填which。答案：which11(2016福建龙岩质检改编)Tibet is such a place _all the peopl

29、e across the world are dreaming of visiting.解析：句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，应用关系代词as引导。答案：as12(2016天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_the weather may be better.解析：句意为：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。先行词为next week，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The weather may be better next w

30、eek.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。答案：when13(2016浙江杭州余杭区期末改编)The baby，_health was ruined after taking the medicine，was only one year old.解析：句意为：那个婴儿只有一岁，他的健康在服用那种药物后被损害。第一个逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the baby，health与the baby之间为所属关系，故用whose引导。答案：whose14(2016浙江东阳二中调研改编)How I regretted not having studied hard at school，_led to the failure in my career!解析：句意为：我多后悔在学校没有努力学习啊！这导致了我事业的失败。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的not having studied hard at school这件事，故用which引导。答案：which15(2016安徽六校教育研究会联考改编)Though it is 20 years since we last met，I still remember the scene in _we got separated on a rainy day.解析：句意为：尽管自