最新经济类英文词汇1资料.docx

1、最新经济类英文词汇1资料关于经济的英语单词rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分

2、,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic

3、 situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input 宏观控制 exercise

4、macro-control 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible 全体会议 plenary session 解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the pr

5、oductive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move 实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail 发电量 el

6、ectric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 excessive growth 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率 ac

7、tual growth rate 国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages 分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to eco

8、nomic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。 Reform is th

9、e self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system. 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a

10、socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievemen

11、t of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the Left deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted Left influence. 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the Leftdevi

12、ation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and marketeconomy.随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlar

13、ged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism 发挥市场的调节作用 to give

14、play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the states monopoly on the purchase and marketing o

15、f agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。to modernize the countrys industry, agriculture, national defenc

16、e and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, o

17、wnership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensures the consolidation an

18、d growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing 第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public

19、 ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 亚洲金融危机

20、financial crisis in Asia沿海经济开发区 open coastal economic area养老保险 endowment insurance 养老金 pension 养路费 road toll以产定人,减员增效 employ workers in accordance with productionneedsand increase efficiency while reducing the staff 异地资金汇划 fund remittance between different places 一个中心,两个基本点 one central task, two bas

21、ic points 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side 一级市场 primary market 溢价 premium 溢价发行债券(以超过票面金额价发行债券) issue of bonds at a premium 以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction一揽子(计划) one-pack

22、age (plan) 一揽子购买 lump-sum purchase; basket purchase以人为本 people oriented; people foremost 以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市 open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai隐性收入 invisible income; off-payroll income; side money以质量求生存、求发展

23、、求效益 strive for survival,development and efficiency on the basis of quality 以质量求发展 strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products 以资证明 in witness whereof; in testimony thereof印花税 stamp duty / tax隐性就业 unregistered employment 隐形牧人 invisible income; off-payroll income 隐性失

24、业 recessive unemployment赢利能力 profitability营销管理 marketing management营业税 turnover tax; business tax 永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trading relations (PNTR) 优化结构 optimize structure 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure优化资源配置 optimize the allocation of resources 优化组合 optimization grouping; optional regroupi

25、ng 优惠贷款 loans on favorable terms 有机农业 organic agriculture优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 优势互补 (of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages 幼稚工业 infant industry游资 idle money / fund; floating capital与国际惯例接轨 become compatible with internationally accepted practices 与国际市场接轨 integrate with

26、the world market; become integrated into theglobal market 预算外收入 extra-budgetary revenue 预算外支出 off-budget expenditure远景规划 perspective long-term plan 远景计划 long-term development targets 远期合同 forward contract 原始资本 original capital再贷款 re-lending; subloan 在孵（孵化器）企业 incubated enterprises (incubator) 再就业服务中

27、心 re-employment service center 再就业工程 re-employment project / program 宰（客） to swindle money out of our customers 在途资金 fund in float增发股票 increase issues in stocks 增加信任,减少麻烦,发展合作,不搞对抗 enhance trust, reduce trouble,develop cooperation and avoid confrontation 造假帐 falsified accounts 增值税 value added tax(VA

28、T) 渣打银行 The Chartered Bank 债台高筑 become debt-ridden债转股 debt-to-equity swap 招标 invite a bid 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 招股说明书 prospectus 招商局 China Merchants Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. (China Merchants) 招商引资 attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)朝阳产业 sunrise industry 折旧费 d

29、epreciation charge 折衷方案 a compromise proposal 振兴经济 revitalize the economy政策性贷款 policy-based lending; policy-related loan 政策性亏损 policy-related losses; losses incurred due to policy decisions 政策银行 policy banks政府采购 government procurement 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 Governments set up the stage, various departments

30、cooperate and enterprise put in the show. 政府干预 government intervention 政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 证券化 securitisation 证券监督管理委员

31、会 securities supervision commission 证券营业部 stock exchange; security exchange支付能力 payment capacity直接三通与双向交流 three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade)and bilateral exchanges质量管理 quality control 质量认证体系认证证书 certificate of the system of quality certification 知识产权 intellectual property 知识经济 knowledge-based economy 知识经济 knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy直销 direct marketing; door-to-door sale 滞销商品 unmarketa