初三系列复习资料3动词考点集汇讲解和训练原创全套.docx

1、初三系列复习资料3动词考点集汇讲解和训练原创全套 初三系列复习资料（3）动词考点集汇、讲解和训练 三、动词【考点直击】1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法；2.动词被动语态的构成及用法；3.非谓语动词的构成及用法；4.近义动词的用法区别。【名师点睛】1.动词的时态英语时态总共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法 用动词原形或第三人称单数形式表示1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes, often , usuall

2、y , at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want

3、so much. Does Tom like playing football ?5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般过去时的用法：

4、 用动词的过去式表示。 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去反复、经常发生的事情。常与表示过去时间的词，词组或从句连用。常用的时间状语如 yesterday, the day before last, last week., two days/. ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. It was very cold yesterday .I used to go fishing on Sundays.（3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态，或表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态常用的

5、时间状语有tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon, next week/year 等。如： Mr Wu will teach us English this term . Ill go to my hometown next week .2）一般将来时有下面几种形式： （1）助动词will+动词原形 。表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见， I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? （2）be + going + to +动词原形。表示打算、计划，

6、最近或将来要作的某事。 I am going to fly to Beijing next week. Im going to visit my grandparents next month . （3）be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. （4）be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。 They are about to leave. （5）come , go , start , move

7、 , leave , 等词常用进行时态表示按计划将要发生的事情。 Chen Hui is coming tonight . They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow . （6）在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 Well start if it doesnt rain tomorrow . If you are ill , you must go to see the doctor . Ill give the note to him as soon as he comes back .will 与be going to的区别（1） 表示“带意愿

8、色彩的将来”常用will。 如：Ill stay with you and help you . Ill tell you about it .（2） （2）在问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用will 。主语是第一人称时，常用shall。如Will you go to the park with me ?What time shall we meet ? （3） 表示客观将来用will Ill be 15 years old next year . It will be Teachers Day next Friday .（4） be going to 常用与口语，主要用来表示：(

9、1) 即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如： Were going to help farmers with their work . There is going to be an English film this evening . (2) 打算或准备要做的事情。如： What are you going to do tomorrow ? Im going to pick apples .(3) 根据某种迹象判断可能要发生的谋事。如： Look at the clouds . Its going to rain . I feel even worse . I think Im going to

10、 die . （4）现在进行时的用法 由“助动词 am/is/are + 现在分词” 构成 1)表示现在正在发生或者进行的动作。常用的时间状语为now 或从上下文体现出来。或句首出现look, listen , be careful 等词，引起人的注意，说明某一动作正在进行。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. Look . Some children are playing games over there . 2) 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。 The students are prepar

11、ing for the examination. 3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, go,leave, start等。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have, 表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。（5）现在完成时的用法 由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。在人称代词后have,has可以缩写为

12、ve或s,have not 缩写havent ,has not 缩写hasnt 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already , ever , never , just ,yet ,before 等词连用。如： I have just bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have already cleaned the classroom. She has ever been to Paris twice . 2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的

13、短语或从句连用。动词必须是延续性动词 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，但强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用。试比较：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）I have seen this film.

14、（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2. 瞬间动词，如come, go, arrive, die, buy, borrow, leave, join, marry, begin, finish, end等不能与for, since状语连用。但可以改变为其他表示相同意思的延续性动词。如： 误：The old man has died for a few years .正：The old man has been dead for a few years . The old man has been dead since a few years ago . The old man die

15、d a few years ago . It is a few years since the old man died . A few years has passed since the old man died . 瞬间动词的变化： die be dead , buy have , borrow keep come / go to +地点 be in + 地点 arrive in /at + 地点 be in + 地点 , join + 组织 be in + 组织 或 be a member of +组织 ， leave be away from , begin be on finish

16、 / end be over , marry be married , wake be awake , get up be up . 3. have / has been to与 have /has gone to 的区别 前者表示“曾经去过某地”，已回来。常与ever , never , before 以及表示次数的词连用。后者表示“去某地了”，还没回来，不在说话地点。 She has been to Shanghai . ( t她现在不在上海，而就在说话地。) She has gone to Shanghai . (可能在去上海的路上，或者已在上海，或者在回来的路上，总之现在不在这里。)（

17、6）过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如： I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）（7）过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完

18、成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before,when 等词组成的短语和从句连用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （8）过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told hi

19、m that I would see him off at the station.2.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。（1）被动语态1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词 2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短语动词中的介词

20、或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：make, let, feel, see, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).4) 主动形式表示被动意义 如wash, clea

21、n, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。或 need + doing, 例如：The food tastes good. The coat washes well .This dress wears comfortable .My watch needs mending . 5) 含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动句变成被动句时，可以将一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。如： The teacher gave the students some advice . (间接宾语) （直接宾语） Som

22、e advice was given to the students (by the teacher). 或 The students were given some advice (by the teacher). 3.非谓语动词 - 不定式和动名词对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。（1）非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动

23、词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。（2）不定式作宾语或宾语补足语常跟不定式作宾语的词有want, like/love, need, hope, begin/start, learn, agree try, 等。tell, ask, want, wish, warn, help, encourage 等词后面常可跟不定式作宾语补足语。如：He wanted to go there for a holiday .We only need to put the candles on it now .Ann began to put the candles on her cake

24、s .Father will not allow us to play on the street. I warned you not to climb the tree . But you didnt listen to me .【注意】1 不定式短语作宾语室，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，而不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep .I find it interesting to study English .2 begin, start, like, hate, love后接不定式或动名词作宾语

25、，区别不大。Like后接动名词指经常性的动作，接不定式指一次具体的动作。如：I like traveling . I like to travel by train .3接动名词与不定式意义不同的情况：1) stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。 2) forget to do忘记去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做)3) remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)4) try to do努力，试图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。5) go

26、 on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 6) mean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味着（3） 不定式作目的状语或在一些作表语的形容词后作状语表示原因或结果。如： He got up early to catch the early bus .In order to pass the exam , he worked very hard .Im sorry to hear that . (原因)Some of the apples are hard to reach . （结果）（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动

27、词有感官动词如：see, hear, look, notice, watch, observe, feel等，使役动词have, make, get等。接不带to的不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。但在被动语态中则to不能省掉。如：Little Tom was often made to

28、 do the heavy work on the farm .She was never heard to sing so well before .( 5 ) 不定式作定语：不定式短语作定语必须放在被修饰的细之后。如：I have a lot of work to do . What about something to eat ?（6） 在疑问次how, what, when, where, which等词后作宾语或宾语补足语：如：He taught us how to use a computer .Nobody told us what to do .Can you tell me

29、which to choose . (7). enjoy, finish, mind, keep, practice 等词后面必须要跟动名词作宾语. The Greens enjoy living in China . Have you finished reading the book ? Do you mind opening the window ?( 8 ) 常用不定式的句型：1. Its time (for sb) to do sth = Its time for sth 是做. 的时候了Its time to have lunch . = Its time for lunch .I

30、ts time for Robert to go to school .2. There is no time /need /use / to do sth 没有时间/必要做某事There was no time to think .There were not enough people to pick them .3. It takes sb some time / money to do sth 某人花费时间/钱做某事It takes me ten minutes to walk to school .It took them half a month to finish the wor

31、k .4. be + 形容词 + enough to do sth 做某事足够. The girl is old enough to go to school .Danny id not tall enough to reach the ceiling .5. be + too + 形容词 + to do sth 太而不能做某事She is too tired to walk farther .We are too excited to say a word .6. be ready to do sth 乐于做某事He is always to help others .7. Its + 形容词+ for sb to do sth