农村区域发展专业英语教案doc.docx

1、农村区域发展专业英语教案doc农村区域发展专业英语教案（首页）授课时间 教案编写时间课程名称English Course for rural region development课程代码5101026总学时48讲课：48 学时实验： 学时实习： 周学分3课程性质必修课（V ） 选修课（） 所屈理论课（） 实验课（） 学院经济贸易学院任课教师赵俊权职称副教授授课对象农村区域发展专业 2005 年 1班级教材和 主要参 考资料Series of English Courses of 21st Century English Course for rural region development教学

2、目的 与要求Agricultural economics may be defined as an applied social science dealing with how humans choose to use technical knowledge and scarce productive resources such as land, labor, capital, and management to produce food and fiber and to distribute it for consumption to various members of society

3、 over time. Like economics, agricultural economics seeks to discover cause-effect relationships*教学重点 与难点Agriculture is a very large, heterogeneous industry. It involves many types of businesses in producing and distributing food and fiber to consumers. Agriculture includes farms; credit and supply f

4、irms; marketing, processing, and distribution firms; restaurants, and retailers.教学进程第1-3次课第4-6次课第7-9次课第10-12次课第13-15次课第 16-18次课第 19-21次课第 22-24次课授课章节Unit 1 Agricultural EconomicsUnit 2 The Farm and Food SystemUnit3 International TradeUnit 4 Consumer Behavior and DemandUnit 5 Indifference CurvesUnit

5、6 Price Elasticity of DemandUnit 7Producer Decision Making: Single-Variable InputFunctionsUnit 8Value Relationships学时66666666备注项目内 容UnitlAgricultural Economics学时6教学目的How to understand agricultural economy教学重点the agricultural industry教学难点The cyclical nature of production教学内容Agricultural economics may

6、 be defined as applied social science dealing* With how humans choose to use technical knowledge and scarce productive resources such as land, labor, capital, and management to produce food and fiber and to distribute it for consumption to various members of society over time. Like economics, agricu

7、ltural economics seeks to discover cause-effect relationships. It uses the scientific method and economic theory to find answers to problems in agriculture and agribusiness*The following rapid growth in the ranks of professional agricultural economists, and the ever-increasing public use of their sp

8、ecial talents, bear testimony to the foresight of those early pioneering theorists. Most beginning students probably have only a vague concept of agricultural economics. For the student, it is a blend of many subject areas. An agricultural economics curriculum ordinarily includes classes in technica

9、l agriculture, science, statistics, mathematics, business, general economics, and other social sciences. Students taking a curriculum in agricultural economics may major in such areas as farm management, production economics, agricultural marketing, agricultural policy, finance, economic development

10、, natural resources, and community development or public affairs.教学案例或实例How to understand agriculture教学方式lecture作业How to understand the characteristics of agriculture项目内 容Unit2The Farm and Food System学时6教学目的How to establish the organization of agricultural production教学重点the value of farm products so

11、ld教学难点farmer marketing cooperatives教学内容Agriculture is an integral part of the general economic system. We subdivide our national economy so that the fundamental structure can be seen. Producing firms and consumers are the central economic units in the system.Many people are concerned about corporate

12、 activity in agriculture because of the economic consequences that could occur with concentrated resource controL As a result, some states have attempted to limit the growth of corporation farming. Laws passed in several states prohibit corporate farminge Statutes restricting corporate farming have

13、been enacted in several other states. Some states have laws requiring corporations to report the land that they own in the state. More than one-half of the states also have laws restricting ownership of real property by aliens, with a great deal of variation in the restraints provided by these laws

14、as they are applied to alien ownership of property.Many producers are concerned about farming corporations because they think corporations are more efficient and that their size gives them market advantages, which may put the family-farm operators at a competitive disadvantage* Farmers believe capit

15、al markets, volume buying of production inputs, and volumes selling of output afford advantages to corporate farms that are not available to them. However, most studies show that moderate-sized family farms are as efficient as most corporate farms* With this situation plus the generally low returns

16、to agricultural investments, one would expect very little growth in corporate agriculture.教学案例或实例Organizational categories of agricultural production教学方式Lecture作业How to understand the organization of agricultural production项目内 容Unit3Consumer Behavior and Demand学时6教学目的How to understand consumer behav

17、ior and demand教学重点consumer the behavior教学难点Diminishing Marginal Utility教学内容This chapter concentrates only on households, or consumers, and the behavior of people in meeting their desire for goods and services. It is in the observed market behavior of people that the concept of demand rests. While de

18、mand will be specifically discussed later in the chapter, suffice it to say at this point that demand means the quantities of a product bought at alternative prices holding everything else constant* When consumer behavior is studied, certain characteristics can be noted.One feature is that consumers

19、 spend everything they earn on goods and services, including savings. Another is that consumers never seem to get enough of most things. We can infer from this characteristic of consumer behavior that human wants are insatiable and that more is preferred to less. One of the reasons consumers do not

20、buy infinite quantities of everything is that they have a limited amount of money income. In economics, we assume that consumers, with a given money income, will purchase clothing, housing, food, haircuts, and all the other things that they want in amounts that will maximize utility or satisfaction

21、for them. The utility of a product or service is derived from the inherent characteristics or qualities that cause them to be desired. These may be objective or subjective qualities*But it is unlikely that two individuals would attain the same utility or satisfaction from the consumption of the same

22、 amount of a product.教学案例或实例Consumers utility教学方式Lecture作业How to consumers utility项目内 容Unit4Value Relationship学时6教学目的How to understand value relationship教学重点Adjusting to Price Change教学难点Marginal Factor Cost教学内容We then are directed to comparing the values of products with the values of inputs used Li

23、p in their production. As a first step, a couple of assumptions will be useful and even a bit realistic: (1) There are so many firms producing this product that the actions of any one firm will have no influence whatsoever on either input or product prices; and (2) that the market does not different

24、iate one firms product from that of another, that is, the firms produce a homogeneous product. Thus if a corn producer were to shut down completely or, alternatively, to produce the last possible extra bushel of corn, the market price of corn would not be affected. And provided that the corn meets c

25、ertain quality standards, one producers corn will not be discriminated against or offered a premium over that of other firms producing corn.Our assumption about unchanging prices nvas valid regarding individual firth decisions, but that doesnft mean that we are unable to cope with changing resource

26、and product prices, or that we even expect them to remain unchanged. Change is a fact of life, in markets as in anything else. Changing economic conditions, in total market supply and demand cause frequent price adjustments in both resource and product markets. So our optimum is correct, not for all

27、 time, but only until another price change occurs, then an adjustment in X, use must again be made to find a new optimum.教学案例或实例Value structure of products教学方式lecture作业How to understand the value of products项目内 容Unit5Producer Decision Making学时6教学目的How to understand producers decision making教学重点Varia

28、ble Inputs and Enterprise Selection教学难点Variable Input Function教学内容In the previous chapter, we discussed the simplest production functions, specifically: (1) a single, composite, variable input function with nothing fixed, and its constant returns; and (2) a single-variable input function with other

29、resources held constant. This functional relationship between a variable factor and its product is sometimes referred to as the factor-product relationship.Agricultural production decisions are seldom so simple that the operator can choose a single crop or single livestock enterprise as the firms on

30、ly product- Crop farms typically produce two or more different types of grain crops; stock ranches frequently produce both livestock and grain or forage crops, or even two or more types of livestock. The relationship between enterprises is referred to as the product-product relationship. These two g

31、eneral problem areas-factor factor and product-product-and the economic criteria for making these choices, are dealt with in turn in this chapterAn enterprise is a specific crop or type of livestock from which products are obtained, for example, cotton, wheat, beef cattle, hogs, or onions. In which

32、to use the variable resources. Physical relationships and economic factors cause producers to choose one particular set of resources and not some other combination with which to produce their products. Basic in this choice is the interaction between inputs and their effect on the productivity of the emp