高二英语学案units 34.docx

1、高二英语学案units 34高中二年级英语学案Units 3-4 (B2)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语 1impress （1）. impress作 “铭刻” 讲时, 是及物动词. 常用于impress sth on/upon sb “使某人铭记某事物”. 例如: His words impressed themselves on my memory.他的话铭刻在我的记忆里. （2）. impress还可以表示 “给某人留下深刻印象”, 常用于被动语态. 例如: We were deeply impressed by his words.他的话给我们留下了深刻的印象. His acting

2、impressed me as being somewhat artificial.他的演技给我的印象是有点做作. （3）. 习语: impress sb with sth.使某人牢记某事. be impressed on ones mind/memory被印在脑海里; 留下很深的印象. （4）. 同义词: affect vt给以印象; 影响. 2close 与closely 的区别close 和closely 用作副词意义上有差别。Close 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”，可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。Close to有“接近，几乎，大概，差不多”的意思。例如：We live

3、close to the church.我们住在教堂附近。They sat close together.他们紧挨着坐在一起。He came close to losing his temper.他差一点发脾气了。Closely 是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地，严密地，仔细地”等意思。例如：The secret must be closely guarded.这个秘密要严加保守。He is looking at the bill closely.他正仔细地看着帐单。 拓展 由close 和closely这种意义上的区别，我们可以很轻松地区别high和highly、wide和

4、widely等一类词。带-ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带-ly的副词多用作实际意义。例如： He threw the ball high into the air. 他把球高高地抛向空中。（high 是指实际意义上的“高”） They spoke highly of his behaviour. 他们高度地赞扬了他的行为。（highly 用作比喻意义“高度地”） The dentist asked me to open wide. 牙医要我张大嘴巴。（wide 是指实际意义的“大、阔”） He is widely read. 他博览群书。（widely 是指抽象意义上的“广泛地”

5、） 3recommend （1）. recommend作 “推荐; 介绍”解时, 是及物动词. 与to搭配, 表示 “将推荐给”, 与for搭配, 表示 “推荐做”, 与as搭配, 表示 “推荐为”.例如: I can recommend this dish. 我可以推荐这道菜. Will you recommend a good dictionary to me? 你能推荐(介绍)一本好字典给我吗? He will recommend you for the job. 他将会推荐你担任那项职务. I recommend her as your secretary. 我推荐她当你的秘书 （2）

6、. recommend表示 “建议; 劝告”讲, 可以用于以下结构: recommend doing sth指 “建议/劝告做某事”: recommend sb to do, 指 “劝某人做某事”: recommend后还可加that从句, 表示 “建议”. 例如: I recommend going by airplane 我建议搭飞机去. The doctor recommended me to take a long rest 医生劝我长期修养. He recommended that the prisoners (should) be released. 他建议释放俘虏. 注意 rec

7、ommend引导宾语从句时, 从句动词需要用虚拟语气形式, 即 “ should +do”或者do. （3）. 同义词: advise/suggest vt.建议. 二、词义辨析 1如何正确使用“offer，provide, supply”？ offer 指主动提供。常构成“offer sb. sth.；offer sth. to/for sb.”结构。 provide 提供，供应，供给（有用的或必需的物品）。常构成固定结构“provide sth.(for sb.; provide sb. with sth.”。 supply 供应，供给（所需要或所要求的物品）。常构成固定表达“supply

8、 sth. to sb.; supply sb. with sth.”。 例如 The police are offering a big reward for any information about the murder. 警方悬赏一大笔赏金给提供有关这一谋杀案情况的人。 The firm has provided me with a car. 公司提供给我一辆车。 They supply gas to consumers. 他们向消费者供应煤气。 2although, though, as, in spite of和despite的区别 这几个词都有 “虽然, 尽管”的意思. 前三个词

9、是连词. 而in spite of和despite是介词. （1）. although和though是从属连词, though更为常用, 而although则更为正式一些. although和though引导的句子既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后面. 两者在句中经常可以互换. 例如: Although (though) he is a little child, he knows a lot. 注意although和though引导的句子不能与but和however连用. 例如: （误）Although he is rich, but he is not happy. （正）Althoug

10、h he is rich, he is not happy. （2）. though引导的从句还可以用倒装语序, 即把句子中的表语, 状语提前放到句首. 而as引导的让步状语从句则必须把句子中的表语, 状语提前放到句首. 两者可以互换. 例如: Tired though （as） he was, he was still working hard. 注意如果表语是单数名词, 提到句首时需要去掉冠词a. 例如: Child though (as) he is, he knows a lot of knowledge. （3）. in spite of和despite是介词, 后面接名词或代词.

11、例如: He keeps working in spite of (despite) his illness. 他不顾有病, 坚持工作. In spite of (Despite) all this discomforts, the Curies worked on. 居里夫妇不顾一切困难, 继续工作着. 4不同的 “表达”: illustrate, suggest, express 1illustrate(以实物、例子、图解)说明，例证，阐明。 例如： The book was illustrated with color photographs. 这本书配上了彩色照片。 Explain a

12、nd illustrate the main use of the present perfect tense. 解释并举例说明现在完成时态的用法。 2suggest暗示，间接表明。 例如: That girls sun- burned face suggests excellent health. 那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。 3express (用语言、外表、动作)表达，明显地表示。 例如： He can express himself in good clear English now after four years hard learning. 经过四年的艰苦学习，现

13、在他能用清楚流畅的英语表达自己的意思了。 A smile expressed her joy at the news. 微笑表达了她对这个消息的喜悦心情。三、重点句型 1Besides, no matter how well translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 另外, 不管翻译得多好, 也会丢掉原著中的某些精神. no matter后接疑问代词或疑问副词, 引导让步状语从句, 意为 “不管; 无论”. 如:If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to

14、 fail, no matter how good all the other ideas might be. 2Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson. 不是因为诗, 而是因其他杰作让人不能忘怀的还有18世纪的蒲柏和约翰逊等. 为了强调, 此句的语序颠倒了. 正常的语序是:Eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson are usually remembered for

15、 other work than their poetry. be remembered for “因被人怀念, 纪念或尊敬” Mr. Smith will be remembered for his generosity to the poor. 比一比 be remembered as than此处意为 “除之外; 除以外”, 常放在other, otherwise, else等词后. 如: I have no other friends than you. other than 常用与否定句除了: 除之外 You cant get to the island other than by

16、boat. 3Viewed from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel and it looks just like a birds nest made of tree branches. 从上面看, 这座体育馆像是被一个灰色的钢筋网盖住了, 它看上去就像一个用树枝垒起来的鸟巢. Viewed from the top是过去分词作条件或时间状语, 相当于If it is viewed from the top. 如: Used economically, one tin will last

17、 for at least six weeks. it looks as if是常用句型, 意为 “看起来像”. As if从句中常用虚拟语气, 但如果放在look, seem, taste, smell等动词后时, 却常用陈述语气. 如: The milk smells as if it is sour.四、语法复习过去分词作复合宾语 在英语中，有些动词只带一个宾语，句子意思还很不完整，须另带一部分说明宾语的情况或状态，我们就把这一部分叫做宾语补足语，或复合宾语。如： In the morning people work up and found the world outside thei

18、r houses completely changed. Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity. There famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown down. 过去分词作宾补小结： 1后接过去分词作宾补的词： （1）表感知的动词：see, watch, find, observe, notice, hear, feel, taste, smell, etc. 如： I hea

19、rd the song sung in the next room. He found himself inspired by Japanese seashells （2）表使役的动词：have, make, get etc. 如： Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture. We should work harder to get the work done on time. （3）表想法、愿望的动词: want, should, like, wo

20、uld like, etc. 如： They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural. Id like Lucy invested, too. （4）表某种状态的词：keep, leave, etc. 如： When you were out, you should keep the lights turned off. It is had manners if he left the door broken after he broke it. 2过去分词作宾补与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别： （1）及物动词的

21、过去分词作宾补时，表示被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者；而不定式,-ing形式作宾补时,表主动,说明宾语是补足语动作的执行者。 如： We have our classroom cleaned every day. （classroom和clean之间是逻辑上的被动关系） The teacher will have Lucy clean the classroom today. （Lucy 和clean 之间是逻辑上的主动关系） （2）不及物动词作宾补时，表动作完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；不定式作宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词 see, watch,no

22、tice,observe,hear,feel,smell,taste 后的不定式作宾补时（不定式的 to 省略），表示不定式的全过程；而-ing 形式作宾补是、表示动作正在发生。 如： When I got home, I found the necklace gone.（“丢”这一动作已完成） I heard Jim sing the song.（我听见唱的全过程） When I got there, I saw Mary reading an English novel.（“读”这一动作正在进行） 过去分词作状语 过去分词从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况

23、等。 1表时间 Viewed from a distance, the island looks like a cloud. (=When it was viewed from a distance, ) Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. (=Once his work was published,) 2表原因 Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the company 3表条件 Give

24、n more time, the slow learners would have done better. Seen from the top, it looks as if stadium is covered by a gray net of steel. 4表方式或伴随 He walked up and down, lost in thought. Surrounded by a host of fans, the movie star left the airport excited. 除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短语也可以和连词组成短语，表示以上四种意思： 1由 when, w

25、hile, whenever, until等连词引导，表示“时间”。 如： When (he is) asked about the secret of his success, he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. Lucy seldom speaks in class until (she is) spoken to. 2由where, wherever连词引导，表示“地点”。 如： Retirees in good health should be invited to return to

26、work wherever (they are) needed. 3由if, unless引导，表示“条件”。 如： If (they are) kept for too long, some medicine will lose their effectiveness. Unless (it is) changed, the law will make life difficult for farmers. 4由though, although, even though 连词引导，表示“让步”。 如： Although (it was) built before the war, the e

27、ngine is still in perfect order. Even though (we are) defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory, 此外，过去分词还可以和介词with, without连用，具有副词的作用。 如： Without anything left in the kitchen, they decided to eat outside. 最后，过去分词有时可以有其独立的主语，二者构成一种分词独立主格结构 如： All our savings g

28、one, we started to look for jobs. This done, we went home.【考点透视 考例精析】 考例1 Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we could have lost our way. Ait Bthat Cthis Dwhich 点拨 选D。本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。解此题的关键是判断前后两个简单句之间是主从关系还是并列关系。 考例2 Sometimes you may _ giving up something, but you neednt worry about it.

29、 You must have confidence in yourself. Awant to Bwould like to Cfeel like Ddecide to 答案 C 解析 本题的选项A, B, C都可以表示“想要干什么”。但 want to 后面要接do sth.，即动词原形；would like to 后面也要接动词原形；只有feel like后才可以接 doing。D项的decide to后也接动词原形，表示“决定干”。 考点 考查动词-ing形式作定语的用法。 考例3 Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight. Afollow

30、ed Bfollowing Ctobefollowed Dbeingfollowed 答案 B 解析 本句主要考查动词的-ing形式与过去分词短语作定语的用法。由于声音在闪电后，也就是说声跟随着光，意思应为主动的，所以此处用现在分词短语作noise的定语。 拓展 表示主动和被动的问题是区分动词-ing形式和过去分词的一个要点。一定要注意此点。 再如： The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students. The students came into the classroom, following their teache

31、r. 以上两个句子的基本意思是相同的，要注意他们中的“跟随”关系以及-ing形式与过去分词的用法区别。【基础演练】一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词。1In my _ (看法), she is not able to take care of the child. 2A _(化学的) change takes place in paper when it burns. 3The whole city was _(毁坏) in the earthquake. 4How beautiful the music _(听起来)! 5The fish have very sharp