最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习50 3.docx

1、最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习50 3最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习50一、高中英语阅读理解1（2019天津）阅读理解 How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats

2、 whom and how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are st

3、rongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can mov

4、e on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of

5、top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activitie

6、s have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an earl

7、y-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their

8、 tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return. （1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？ A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecos

9、ystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator_. A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators

10、 in a food web greatly decline？ A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（4）What conclus

11、ion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？ A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（5）How does an early-warning syst

12、em help us maintain the ecological balance？ A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食

13、物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When a predator(掠食动

14、物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they d

15、id not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from

16、the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。 （5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us t

17、o pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1. Beijing, as a f

18、orerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported. The current regulation gives garbage sorting

19、responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how theyre responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities. The long-awaited revision will

20、 soon change the situation, Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal, said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less t

21、han that, he said. The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. B

22、lue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste. To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot.

23、With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. I

24、n other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste. Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reporte

25、d. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year.（1）According to the passage, which dustbins should som

26、e used coke cans be thrown into? A.Grey-colored dustbins.B.Red-colored dustbins.C.Green-colored dustbins.D.Blue-colored dustbins.（2）We can learn from the passage that _. A.new technology has been applied to help deal with garbageB.Beijing carried out a more severe rule on garbage sorting than Shangh

27、aiC.the change of the current regulation has aroused objection among citizensD.the amount of household waste in Beijing is far from something disturbing（3）What is the best title for the text? A.How to Sort Garbage in ChinaB.The Current Regulation in BeijingC.Garbage Collection in BeijingD.Waste Recy

28、cling Project Counts（4）The passage can be sorted as _. A.a book reviewB.a travel brochureC.an environment reportD.a geography essay【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。 （1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable,”可知，蓝色垃圾箱装的是可回收垃圾，而用过的可乐罐属于可回收垃圾，应投

29、入蓝色垃圾箱内，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points”可知，有了智能设备，那些将垃圾投入到指定垃圾箱的市民将获得奖励积分，由此可知，新技术已应用于帮助处理垃圾，故选A。 （3）考查主题大意。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been exp

30、ected to follow suit.”可知，本文主要介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是垃圾分类在北京的实施情况，这属于环保话题，因此文章可能是一份环境报告，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 At the age of seven, while his friends were spending pocket money on things like candy and toy

31、s, Jose Adolfo was busy saving money for more essential purchases. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence while also helping the environment. Established in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the worlds first bank for kids. To open an account, kids have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste (paper or plastic) and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank partners are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional ki