TPO7 listening 听力文本.docx

1、TPO7 listening 听力文本TPO 07 Listening PartConversationEric: Hi, Professor Mason, do you have a minute?Pro: Yeah, of course, Eric. I think there was something I wanted to talk to you about too.Eric: Probably my late essay.Pro: Ah, that must be it. I thought maybe Id lost it.Eric: No, Im sorry. Actually

2、 it was my computer that lost it, the first draft of it. And, well, anyway, I finally put it in your mail box yesterday.Pro: Oh, I havent checked the mail box yet today. Well, Im glad its there. Iwill read it this weekend.Eric: Well, sorry again. Say, I can send it to you by email too if you like.Pr

3、o: Great. Ill be interested to see how it all comes out.Eric: Right. Now, ah, I just have overheard some graduates students talking. Something about a party for De Adams?Pro: Retirement party, yes, all students are invited. Wasnt there notice on theAnthropology Departments bulletin board? Eric: Ah,

4、I dont know. But I want to offer help with it. You know whatever you need. De Adams, well, I took a few anthropology classes with her and they were great, inspiring. Thats why I want to pitch in.Pro: Oh, thats very thoughtful of you, Eric, but it will be low key, nothing flashy. Thats not her style.

5、Eric: So theres nothing?Pro: No, well have coffee and cookies, maybe a cake. But actually couples of the administrative assistants are working on that. You could ask them but I think theyve got covered.Eric: Ok.Pro: Actually, oh, no, never mind.Eric: Whats it?Pro: Well, its nothing to do with the pa

6、rty and Im sure there are more exciting ways that you could spend your time. But we do need some help with something. Work pilling a database of articles the anthropology faculty has published. There is not much glory, but we are looking for someone with some knowledge of anthropology who can enter

7、the articles. I hesitate to mention it. But I dont suppose its something you wouldEric: No, that sounds like cool. I would like to see what they are writing about.Pro: Wonderful. And there are also some unpublished studies. Do you know De Adams did a lot of field research in Indonesia? Most of them

8、havent been published yet.Eric: No, like what?Pro: Well, she is really versatile. She just spent several months studying social interactions in Indonesia and shes been influential in ecology. Oh, and shes also done work in south of America, this is closer to biology, especially with speciation. Eric

9、: ah, not to seem uninformedPro: Well, hows species form? You know, how two distinct species form from one. Like when population of the same species are isolated from each other and then developed into two different directions and ended up with two distinct species.Eric: Interesting.Pro: Yes, while

10、she was there in the south of America, she collected a lot of linguistic information and sounds, really fascinating.Eric: Well. I hate to see her leave.Pro: Dont worry. Shell still be around. Shes got lots of projects that shes still in the middle of.LecturePro: The 19 century was the time that thou

11、ght what we called: Realism developing in European in theater. Um to understand this though, we first need to look at the early form of drama known as the well-made play, which basically was a pattern for constructing plays, plays that the beginning with some early 19 centurys comedies in France pro

12、ved very successful commercially. The dramatic devises use here word actually anything new, they have been around for centuries. But the formula for well-made play required certain elements being included, in a particular order, and most importantly, that everything in the plays be logically connect

13、ed. In fact, some of the player writes would start by writing the end of the play. And the word “backward” toward the beginning, just to make sure each event let logically from what has gone before. Ok, what are the necessary elements of well-made play?Well, the first is logical exposition. Expositi

14、on is whatever background information you have to review to the audience. So, they all understand what is going on. Before this time, exposition might come from the actors simply giving speeches. Someone might watch out the stage and see: “lyric quotation”. And until all about the felting family of

15、Romeo and Julie, but for the well-made play, even the exposition had to be logic, believable. So, for example, you might have two servants gossiping as they are cleaning the house. And one says, Oh, what a shame master sound still not married. And the other might mention that a rumor about the myste

16、rious a gentle men who just moved into the town with his beautiful daughter. These comments are parts of the play logical exposition.The next key elements of the well-made play refer to as the inciting incidents. After we have the background information, we need a king moment to get things moving, t

17、hey really make the audience interested in what is happened to the characters we just heard about it. So, for example, after the two servants review all this background information, we need the young man. Just is he first lies eyes on the beautiful woman, and he immediately falls in love. This is th

18、e inciting incidence . It sets off, the plot of the play.Now, the plot of well-made plays is usually driven by secrets. Things, the audiences know, but the characters often dont know. So, for example, the audience learned through a letter or through someone elses conversation. Who is the mysterious

19、gentle man is, and why he left the town many years before. But the young man doesnt know about this. And the woman doesnt understand the ancient connection between her family and he is. Before the secret are reviewed to the main character, the plot of the play perceived as the series of the sorts of

20、 the up and down moments. For example, the woman first appears not to even notice the young man, and it seems to him like the end of the world. But then, he learns that the she actually wants to meet him too. So, life is wonderful. Then, if he tries to talk with her, maybe her father get furious, fo

21、r no apparent reason. So, they cannot see each other. But, just the young man has almost loved all hopes, he finds out, well you get the idea, the reversal the fortune continue, increasing the audiences tension and excitement. They can wonder that everything is going to come out or care it not.Next

22、come in, elements known as the: An obligatory scene. Its scene, a moment in which all the secrets are reviewed. In generally, things turn out well for the hero and others we are care about, a happy ending of some sorts. This became so popular that the playwright almost had to include it in every pla

23、y which is why is called: the obligatory scene. And thats followed by the final dramatic element-the denouement or the resolution, when all the lucent have to be tight up in the logical way. Remember, the obligatory scene gives the audience emotional pleasure. But the denouement offers the audience

24、a logical conclusion. Thats the subtle distinction we need to try very hard to keep in mind. So, as I said, the well-made play, this form of playwriting, became the base for realism in drama, and for a lot of very popular 19 century plays. And also, a pattern we find in plots of later many play, and

25、 even movies that we see it today.LecturePro: So, that is how elephant uses infrasound . Now, lets talk about the other and the acoustic spectrums, sound that is too high for humans to hear- ultrasound s. Ultrasound is used by many animals that detected and some of them seen out very high frequency

26、sounds. So, what is a good example? Yes, Kayo.Kayo: Well, bats, since there is all blind, bets have to use sound for, you know, to keep them from flying in the things.Pro: That is echolocation. Echolocation is pretty self-explanatory ; using echoes reflected sound waves to located things. As Kayo sa

27、id that bat used for navigation and orientation. And what is else. Make.Make: Well, finding food is always important, and I guess not becoming food for other animals.Pro: Right, on both accounts . Avoiding other predators, and locating prey, typically insects that fly around it at night. Before I go

28、 on, let me just respond something Kayo was saying- this idea that is bats are blind. Actually, there are some species of bats, the one that dont use echolocation that do rely on their vision for navigation, but its true for many bats, their vision is too weak to count on . Ok, so quick some rays if

29、 echolocation works. The bats emit the ultrasonic pulses, very high pitch sound waves that we cannot hear. And then, they analyze the echoes, how the waves bound back. Here, let me finish the style diagram I started it before the class. So the bat sends out the pulses , very focus birds of sound, an

30、d echo bounds back. You know, I dont think I need to draw the echoes, your reading assignment for the next class; it has diagram shows this very clearly. So, anyway, as I were saying, by analyzing this echo, the bat can determine, say, if there is wall in a cave that needs to avoid, and how far away

31、 it is. Another thing uses the ultrasound to detect is the size and the shape of objects. For example, one echo they quickly identified is one way associated with moth, which is common prey for a bat, particularly a moth meeting its wings. However, moth happened to have major advantage over most oth

32、er insects. They can detect ultrasound; this means that when the bat approaches, the moth can detect the bats presence. So, it has time to escape to safety, or else they can just remain motionless. Since, when they stop meeting their wings, they will be much hard for the bat to distinguish from, oh a leave or some other object. Now, we have tended to underestimate just how sophisticated the ability that animals that us