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具有副词性质的状语从句.docx

1、具有副词性质的状语从句状语从句种类常考引导词时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,till/until,since地点状语从句where原因状语从句because,since,as,for目的状语从句so that, in order that,lest, in case方式状语从句as, as if / though结果状语从句so/suchthatso that条件状语从句if, unless, in case, as long as让步状语从句although, though, as高考中状语从句的考查重点是: 时间状语从句、 目的状语从句、 条件状语从句和让

2、步状语从句。1、时间状语从句的用法时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同, 要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系, 以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、 语态等问题。1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析:(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”, when既可以指时间段也可指时间点, 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词, 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生, 注意体会如下例句: Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。 When the wind blows, al

3、l the doors rattle. 只要风一吹, 这门就吱嘎作响 He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了, 其实他可能下一次就成功。When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时, 妻子在做晚饭。如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同, 而从句的谓语又是be动词时, 那么从句中的主语和be可以省略; 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时, 往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如: When (you are)

4、 in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。/ When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候, 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。另外,when也可作“即使”意,相当于although/suddenly,she stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去,她却突然停住了。 When也可以表原因,意为“既然”it was foolish of you t

5、o take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟能到那里,却打的,真够愚蠢的。(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”, 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中, 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词, 例如:Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习, 该玩的时候就玩。 I met her while I was a

6、t school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。此外,while有“即使,虽然”之意,引导让步状语从句,相当于“though” while I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.“只要”相当于“as long as” while there is life, there is hope.只要有生命,就有希望。“既然”相当于“since” you will never save any money while you are so extravagant.你这么奢侈,永远存不下钱来。(3)

7、as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时, 一边一边”, 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作), 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如: He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。 I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。 I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。 As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。考题2 He was about halfway throu

8、gh his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. (2006辽宁)A. why B. where C. when D. while答案 C解析“正在这时, 突然”, 四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。考题4 Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If答案 B解析 主句中“get me some stamps”的动作发生在时间状语从句“youre there”的过程之中, 因此应选w

9、hile表示这一时间关系(属于while引导时间状语从句的两大基本用法之一)。注意: as有时也可用于表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的过程中, 但这一用法不是as引导时间状语从句的主要用法, 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中时用while更为常见, 因此B选项是最佳选项。考题5 _ the days went on, the weather got worse. (1990)A. With B. Since C. While D. As答案 D解析 表示“the days went on”、 “the weather got worse”两个相互伴随地进行变化的动作, 应选as表示这一时

10、间关系(while不适合用于这样的语境)。考题6 Tom _ into the house when no one _. (1992)A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked答案 A解析 题干当中的when表示“当的时候”, slip表示“偷偷地、 悄悄地移动”, 在本题中表示非延续性的动作“溜进了教室”的结果, 不适合用进行时态表示。第一个下划线处应填入slipped, 以一般过去时客观描述在过去某一时间上发生的动作; look表示延续性的动作, 可

11、以持续进行, 所以第二个下划线处应填入was looking, 以过去进行时描述汤姆溜进教室的大背景。注意: 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中, 从句常用进行时。例如: The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show. 女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。/ When/While/As Tom was reading, Jim was arrested. 在汤姆看书的时候, 吉姆被逮捕了。 考题

12、7 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. (2006安徽)A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred答案 C解析 根据题干句子含义, 事故发生于当我沿街行驶、 寻找停车之处的时候; 从句的动作发生在主句动作的过程中。主句的谓语动词go表示非延续性的动作, 可以持续进行, 应选用过去进行时的形式, 从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词, 应以一般过去时的形式表结果。2、

13、 目的状语从句的用法目的状语从句可以由表示“为了, 以便”的so that(有时省略so), in order that和表示“以免, 以防”的lest, for fear that, in case引导(lest, for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should动词原形”的虚拟语气形式; in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气, 但也可用陈述语气)。例如: They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身, 以便及时到达。She takes notes carefully in class so

14、 that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记, 以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。 He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。 I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声, 以免打搅你。He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他认真学习

15、, 以免考不及格。 Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞, 以防下雨。如果表示“为了, 以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同, 可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句, 注意体会以下例句: He hurried through his work in order to catch the train. 他匆匆干完手中的活, 为的是能赶上火车。I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄上这些计划以使你会前充分研

16、究一下。 The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 这些书桌都隔着一段距离摆放, 以防作弊。 I came so early as to catch the first train. 我起得早, 以便能赶上头班火车。考题1 Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京)A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that答案 D解析 so tha

17、t表示希望实现的目的。考题3 Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. (2007北京)A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case答案 D解析 “you lock yourself out one day”是应该避免出现的结果,应选用in case, 引导目的状语从句, 表示“以免”。考题4 I shall stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child.(2000上海春)A.

18、in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since答案 A解析 题干意为: 我将整天在旅店里呆着, 以防有丢失孩子的消息。本题应选in case引导目的状语从句表示“以防”。3、 条件状语从句的用法条件状语从句表示条件, 现将其在高考卷中的常见引导词介绍如下: 1. if 表示正面的条件, 意为“如果”; unless (=if not) 表示负面的条件, 意为“除非, 如果不”。例如:If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他, 他会帮助你。If you had come a few minutes earlie

19、r, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。(本例句属于第8章中介绍过的以虚拟语气表示非真实条件句的情况。) He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. 他一定会来, 除非他有急事。2. in case, on condition that, providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等词汇意思相近, 指“假如, 假使, 在条件下”(比if更为书面化)。例如: In case he comes, let me know. 如果他

20、来的话, 告诉我一声。 I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow. 我将把我的字典给你, 如果你明天要还的话。 I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid. 只要我的费用有人付, 我就去。 Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do? 他要是不来, 我们该怎么办?3. as long as (=so long as) 表示充分必要条件, 引导语气强

21、烈的条件状语从句时, 意为“只要”。例如: I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. 只要及时告诉我, 我就会合作。 You may use the book so long as you will return it on time. 只要你准时还, 你就可以借这本书。考题1 Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. (2007上海)A. though B. before C. until D. if答案 D

22、解析 根据全句意思, “they are not managed carefully”应表示一种假设, 因此下划线处应选用if引导条件状语从句。考题2 In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. (2006重庆)A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless答案 C解析 本题应选意为“如果”的if表示假设。考题4 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont

23、keep good health. (2005重庆)A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if答案 A解析 本题应选意为“如果不, 除非”的unless表示假设。考题5 Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. (2007湖南)A. why B. how C. unless D. where答案 C解析 综合整句的意思, 下划线处应表示“除非”含义的假设。考题6 You will succ

24、eed in the end _ you give up halfway. (2001上海春)A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless答案 D解析 本题应选意为“如果不, 除非”的unless表示假设。注意: even if表示“即使”, as though表示“好像”, as long as表示“只要”, 填入下划线都讲不通。考题7 John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _ he phones. (2000北京、 安徽春)A. as long as B. in order thatC.

25、 in case D. so that答案 C解析 本题应选in case表示假设。注意: in order that, so that都表示目的, 不符合题干的语境; 题干中表示推测的“John may phone tonight.”表明说话人对约翰打电话过来没有太大的把握性, 不适合采用语气强烈的as long as表示假设。考题8 Im afraid Mr. Wood cant see you until 4 oclock. Oh, _ I wont wait. (2005浙江)A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way

26、答案 C解析 本题应选in that case表示假设。考题9 _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. (2003北京)A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While答案 C解析 本题应选意为“只要”的as long as表示语气强烈的假设。4、 表示“虽然, 即使, 尽管”的让步状语从句的用法although, though, even though, even if都表示“虽然, 即使, 尽管”之意, though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比al

27、though 通俗, 不如although 正式), even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如:Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷, 但很快乐。Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。 Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他们可能不会成功, 但他们仍努力尝试。 The article is very important th

28、ough it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短, 但很重要。 He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一点了, 虽仍未痊愈。 Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨, 她也是走着去工作的。 Ill visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我将去拜访他, 即使我只能停留一小会儿。注:even if与even though有区别:even if一般引导的是把握不大或假设的事情,even though引出的

29、是事实。如:Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩,也不应该自满。Even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher虽然他晚了, 可他并没有受到老师的批评。Even though he knows it, hell not let out the secret.(他知道这个秘密).Even if he knows it, hell not let out the secret.(不确定他是否知道

30、这个秘密).as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、 即使、 尽管”, 其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构, as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为: 形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词, 有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、 形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词as主语谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句: Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起, 到头来却成了一个坏榜样。 Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐, 却是真的。Ric

31、h as he is, he is not happy. 虽然他很富有, 但他并不幸福。 Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子, 他却能分辨黑白。 Brave (a) man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢, 可见到蛇还是发抖。 Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. 尽管伤势很重, 他仍然十分乐观。Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. 虽然尽了最大努力, 但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。考题1 We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. (2007辽宁)A. since B. although C. until D. before 答案 B

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