职称英语理工类考点串讲.docx

1、职称英语理工类考点串讲2012年职称英语理工类考点串讲 2012年职称英语理工类考点串讲 【考试介绍】 全国专业技术人员职称英语考试是由人力资源和社会保障部组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。该考试根据专业技术人员使用英语的实际情况，把考试的重点放在了阅读理解上面。 全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分为三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分为a、b、c三个等级每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。三个等级考试的总

2、分各为100分，考试时间均为2个小时。 试卷由6个部分组成，不同级别的考试总的阅读量和难易程度不同。主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。 #试卷结构及考查目的 试卷结构及考查目的(总题量65题。满分l00分) 题 型材料类型答题要求考查目的题量分值 第一 部分词汇选项 (四选一)15个句子给出l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。在一定语境下理解单词或短语的意义。1515 第二 部分阅读判断 (三选一)1篇短文 (300450词)给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断(正、误、没有直接或间接提到)。识别和判断文章

3、信息。77 第三 部分概括大意与完成句子 (选择搭配)1篇短文 (300450词)分两部分： 1. 概括大意(6选4)； 2. 完成句子(6选4)。抓大意、掌握细节。88 第四 部分阅读理解 (四选一) 3篇短文 (各300450词)每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。抓主旨、掌握细节、做出判断。1545 第五 部分补全短文 (选择搭配)1篇短文 (300450词)短文中有5处空白，要求应试者通读短文并将移出的部分重新放回短文的相应位置(6选5)。把握文章结构、作者思路。510 第六 部分完形填空 (四选一)1篇短文 (300450词)短文中有15处空白，

4、每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者从中选出1个最佳答案。正确理解文章内容。1515 第一部分：词汇选项 【知识点串讲】 第一部分：词汇选项 试卷的第1-15题，每题1分，共15分。本部分为15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语下划有横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义相近似的词或短语。 职称英语等级考试的第一个考试项目是词汇选项，它考查应试者理解一定语境下单词或短语意义的能力。这里的“一定语境”指的是一个句子，考查的目的是看应试者能否根据这个句子把其中划线的词或短语的意思猜测出来。这实际上是一种最简单的阅读理解题。 #1 例题： 1、the great chang

5、es of the city astonished every visitor to that city. a. attacked b. surprised c. attracted d. interested 答案及解析：b 句意：凡是到那个城市参观过的人，对那里发生的巨大变化都感到吃惊。 #2 2、argument among the speakers at the conference is bordering on violence. a. is close to b. is beside c. is next to d. is alongside 答案及解析：a 句意：会上，演讲者之

6、间争吵激烈，差不多到了动武的程度。 #3 3、you could condense all the worthwhile information in this book into a few pages. a. compress b. collect c. convert d. combine 答案及解析：a 句意：你可以把这本书中所有有用的信息用几页纸写出来。 #4 4、the doctor explained to the students the hazards of radiation upon human beings. a. dangers b. evils c. impacts

7、 d. benefits 答案及解析：a 句意：医生向学生解释了辐射给人类带来的危害。 #5 5、it is difficult to list all of johns attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities. a. qualities b. interests c. preferences d. virtues 答案及解析：a 因为john有很多不同的天赋和才干，所以很难列出他所有的优点。 第二部分：阅读判断 第二部分：阅读判断 第1622题，每题l分，共7分。考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的

8、能力。本部分为l篇300450词的短文，短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 请大家注意，这种题型的考点是考查应试者判断识别文章所提供的信息的能力。这里所指的信息，既有文章中明示的信息，也有藏在字里行间中的信息，即隐含的信息，所以在做题时要仔细阅读。 #1 教材54页：smoking 1it is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：

9、判断抽烟对健康是否有危害是容易的。但是，文章的第一句话是这么说的：自1939年以来，进行了许多次研究，其目的都是为了判断抽烟对健康是否是一种危害。可以看出判断抽烟对健康是否是一种危害并不容易。 #2 2smoking reduces one s life expectancy a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：抽烟会缩短人们的预期寿命。该题源于第一段最后一个句子中的子句：tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy抽烟会缩短人们的预期寿命。 #3 3smoking

10、may induce lung cancer a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：抽烟有可能诱发肺癌。文章的第二段和第三段都讲到了抽烟与肺癌的关系。 #4 4there is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：有证据说明乳腺癌是抽烟诱发的。文章没有提及乳腺癌与抽烟的关系。 #5 5male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease

11、 than female smokers a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：男性烟民死于心脏病的比率小于女性烟民死于心脏病的比率。文章没有直接比较男性烟民和女性烟民死于心脏病的比率，但有这么一句话：female smokers are thought to be tess affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply据认为女性烟民并不把烟吸得很深，烟对她们的影响小于男性烟民。从中可以推断出的是：男性烟民死于心脏病的比率高于女性烟民死于心脏病的比率。因此该题的命题是错误的。

12、 #6 6nicotine is poisonous a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：尼古丁是有毒的。答案可在第三段找到。 #7 7filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe a right b wrong c not mentioned 解析： 该题说的是：有了过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草，抽烟是安全的。文章的最后一段(也是最后一句)是这么说的：据称，过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草在某种程度上使抽烟变得较为安全，但是它们只是略微减少危害而不是消除危害。因此该题的命题是错误的。 教材第54页：smokin

13、g 教材54页：smoking 例题：smoking since 1939numerous studies（无数次研究） have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazardthe trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health riskresearch teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt t

14、hat tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy（寿命）。 cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of th

15、e bodymale cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking malesfemale smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply #Apart from statistics apart from statisticsis might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the

16、 human bodysmoke is a mixture of gases，vaporized（使蒸发） chemicalsminute particles of ash and other solidsthere is also nicotine（尼古丁），which is powerful poison，and black taras smoke is breathed inall those components form deposits on the membranes（膜） of the lungsone point of concentration is where the a

17、ir tube and bronchus（支气管） dividesmost lung cancer begins at this point filters（过滤嘴） and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent saferbut they can only slightly reduce，not eliminate the hazards 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 第2330题，每题l分，共8分。考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。本部分为l篇300 -450词的短文，有2项

18、测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题；(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。 概况大意题主要考查应试者归纳段落主题思想的能力，完成句子题主要考查应试者掌握短文细节内容的能力。解答题目时，既要学会抓住文章的中心大意，找出关键词，又要能够运用多种阅读技巧，从句子、语篇的层次把握文章的重要事实和细节。 #练习： 练习： 1paragraph 2_ 2paragraph 3_ 3paragraph 4_ 4paragraph 5_ a ways of departure fr

19、om immature and simplistic impressions b comment on first impression c illustration of first impression d comparing incoming sensory information against memories e threatening aspect of first impressions f differences among jocksgeeks and freaks 题解： 1d本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。 2c本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体

20、化。 3b本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。 4a本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。 #5Sensory information 5sensory information is one that is perceived through_. 6you interpret by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. 7the way we ste

21、reotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_. 8. we can use our more mature style of our thinking thanks to_. a. a strangers less mature type of thinking b. the most complex areas of our cortex c. the immature form of thinking of a vet young child d. the meaning of incoming

22、sensory information e. the sights and sounds of the world f. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 5e 选e的依据在第二段的第三句： 6d 选d的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs(视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。 7c 选c的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是：when we stereotype people，we use a less m

23、ature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others 8b 选b的依据存第五段第二句。 教材第86页：例题 例题： we all have first impression of someone we just metbut why? why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything

24、 about him or heraside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits the answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the worldyour brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traitseven very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，noseor mouth are placed in relation to

25、 each other makes you see him or her as differentin fact，your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformationthe sights and sounds of your world these incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new sign

26、als“mean” #If you see someone you if you see someone you know and like at school，your brain says“familiar and safe”if you see someone new，it says，“newpotentially threateningthen your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memoriesthe height，weight，dress，ethnicity，gesturesan

27、d tone of voice are all matched upthe more unfamiliar the characteristics，the more your brain may say“this is newi dont like this person”or else“im intrigued”or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestureslike your other friends；so your brain says：“i like this person”bu

28、t these preliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong #When we stereotype people when we stereotype peoplewe use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of othersratherthan learn about the depth and breadth o

29、f peopletheir history，interest，values，strengths，and true characterwe categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks howeverif we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly 1ikeif we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreamsand bec

30、ome aware of the persons character，we use a different，more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex。which allow us to be humane 第四部分：阅读理解(1) 第四部分：阅读理解 第3145题，每题3分，共45分。考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。本部分为3篇文章，每篇300450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。 例题： all we have a clock located inside our brains. similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. this cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep. somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing