语法全复习一二三讲基本句型教师.docx

1、语法全复习一二三讲基本句型 教师英语语法复习第一讲: 简单句的基本句型英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。主语和谓语是句子成立的充分且必要的条件，两者缺一不可。把句子的各个成分搞清楚，也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点，才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意，在分析句子结构时，应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构，划分句子成分无非是为了理解，或者是为了造句。这个目的达到了就行了，不必过于细致，更不要钻牛角尖，否

2、则就会事倍功半。 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 五种基本句型 1. 主语 + 谓语 (vt.) + 宾语 2. 主语 + 谓语 (vi.) 3. 主语 + 谓语 (link-v.) + 表语 4. 主语 + 谓语 (vt.) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5. 主语 + 谓语 (vt.) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语一. 主语 + 谓语 (vt.) + 宾语此句型句子的共同特

3、点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这个句型的谓语必须是及物动词。1. Who knows the answer? 2. He enjoys reading. 二主语 + 谓语 (vi.) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises. 主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句作状语，如，The red sun rises in the east1. The sun was shini

4、ng. 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 三. 主语 + 谓语 (link-v.) + 表语此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词有（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound. （2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand. （3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run,

5、fall, come, grow.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good. 四. 主语 + 谓语 (vt.) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a bea

6、utiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,sing, save, spare,等。五. 主语 + 谓语 (vt.) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

7、此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answ

8、er your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish

9、is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, readin

10、g a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hotte

11、st month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the fa

12、rm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It th

13、en runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my

14、 friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in

15、China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、选择填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were

16、 wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B.

17、 Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I join

18、ed the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语二、略三、略四、15 CBDBB 610 ACBAB第二讲: 句子成分一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 非

19、谓语(动名词,不定式)；5. 从句；如：1. A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.2. Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking.3. Two will be enough.4. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgetable experience for me.5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy a

20、nd wise.6. Whether well go depends on the weather.7. “A” is an article.二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 名词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 形容词；5. 非谓语(不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词)；6. 副词；7. 介词短语； 8. 从句，如：1. The masses are the real heroes.2. Thats something we have always to keep in mind.3. She was the first to learn about it.4. My idea i

21、s this.5. Time is pressing. Lets hurry up.6. All I could do was send him a telegram.7. We must be off now.8. They are twice the size of chickens.9. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.三、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 非谓语(动名词,不定式)；5. 从句；如：1. She died a heroic death.2. They d

22、idnt promise him anything definite.3. How many do you want? We need two.4. Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.5. Learn to play the piano.6. Ill get it stamped.7. Did you write down what she said? 四、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 形容词；2. 代词；3. 数词；4. 名词或名词所有格；5. 非谓语(现在分词；过去分词;

23、不定式) 6. 介词短语；7. 副词；8. 从句，如：1. His words moved everyone present.2. We belong to the third world.3. This is indeed a most pressing problem.4. There are two things to be discussed today.5. the interests of the people / a man of good temper / a child of five五、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 副词；2. 介词短语；3. 非谓语(现在分词；

24、过去分词;不定式) ；4. 从句;如：1. They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story. 2. They did everything they could to save the boys life. 3. I said it in fun. 4. We are working day and night. 5. He came up shouldering a spade. 6. We completed the work five days ahead of time. 7. Seeing this, some student

25、s became very worried. 8. He entered the room, his nose red with cold. 练习二 一 用所给单词的适当形式填空动词1 作谓语时，有时态，语态，人称变化2作非谓语时，只有doing，done，to do三种形式。（介词之后用doing, 作主宾用doing 或to do，表主动用doing, 表被动用done, 表将来或目的用to do）The man went into the house and _ up a cigarette. ( light )Nobody will _ (allow) to enter the sta

26、dium without a ticket.Several days later, the flood water _ (sink) and life returned to normal. Try to _ (simple) your explanation for the students to help them understand better.名词1 作主语，放在谓语动词前2 作宾语，跟在及物动词后或介词后。3 跟在a, an, the, my, his, our, no 等词后4 跟在There be之后Some students hold the view that unive

27、rsities should be centers of _(cultural).That shop has a fine _ (select) of cakes.We havent told our friends about our _(remove) to London.His dream of becoming an _ (art) has come true.The horse was frightened by the sound of the _ (explode).As the people of the great nation, we shall take on our _

28、 (responsible) to make it stronger.There are many _ (similar) between the two brothers.Groups of young boys and girls are having their physical training in the _ (gymnast).Can you understand the various _ (advertise) all over the city?It is certain that she will win the _ (compete). 形容词1 放在名词之前2 跟在连

29、系动词后1. The price of the _ beds is reasonable, I think. (wood)2. It was _ (amaze) that he knew nothing about the event.3. Yesterday they were invited to a _ (form) party.4. I am very interested in _(Greece) and Roman stories.5. In the morning, we went on a _ (magic) journey into a world of dreams at

30、Disneyland. 6. In fact it is _(relate) to the case. 副词1 修饰动词，位置很活2 修饰形容词，放在形容词之前3 修饰整个句子，位置很活1. I dont want to go; _, I havent enough time at the moment. (beside)2. To my surprise, Jack and Lily were _ married last week. (secret)3. I have _ seen such a beautiful present. (rare)4. Your boss thinks very _ (high) of your work.5. Bob i