语法全复习一二三讲基本句型教师.docx
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语法全复习一二三讲基本句型教师
英语语法复习
第一讲:
简单句的基本句型
英语的基本成分有六种:
主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。
主语和谓语是句子成立的充分且必要的条件,两者缺一不可。
把句子的各个成分搞清楚,也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。
做到这一点,才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。
有一点要注意,在分析句子结构时,应该抓住主要成分。
我们分析句子结构,划分句子成分无非是为了理解,或者是为了造句。
这个目的达到了就行了,不必过于细致,更不要钻牛角尖,否则就会事倍功半。
英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
五种基本句型
1.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语
2.主语+谓语(vi.)
3.主语+谓语(link-v.)+表语
4.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语
一.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语
此句型句子的共同特点是:
谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
这个句型的谓语必须是及物动词。
1.Who │knows │theanswer?
2.He │enjoys │reading.
二.主语+谓语(vi.)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。
如,Thesunrises.主语可有修饰语---定语,如,Theredsunrises.
谓语后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句作状语,如,Theredsunrisesintheeast
1.Thesun │wasshining.
4.Weall │breathe,eat,anddrink.
三.主语+谓语(link-v.)+表语
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:
句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词有
(1)表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound.
(2)表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand.
(3)表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow.
1.This │is │anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.
2.Thedinner│smells │good.
四.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语
此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)组成。
如,
Hebringsmecookieseveryday.
Shemademeabeautifuldress.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for,如,Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.
Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.
用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。
用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有:
(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise, return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。
(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order, sing,save,spare,等。
五.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语
此句型的句子的共同特点是:
动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。
可以用做宾补的有,名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词。
1.They│appointed│him │manager.
2.They│painted │thedoor │green.
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?
Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
练习一:
一、1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语,主语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13、形式宾语,真正宾语;14、宾语、定语;15、插入语,状语;16、宾语(间宾+直宾);17、状语,状语;18、形式主语,表语,宾补;19、宾补;20、表语
二、略
三、略
四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB
第二讲:
句子成分
一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1.名词;2.代词;3.数词;4.非谓语(动名词,不定式);5.从句;如:
1.Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.
2.Whoisspeaking,please?
ThisisJackspeaking.
3.Twowillbeenough.
4.Livinginthatislandcountryforthreemonthswasanunforgetableexperienceforme.
5.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,happyandwise.
6.Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.
7.“A”isanarticle.
二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1.名词;2.代词;3.数词;4.形容词;5.非谓语(不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词);6.副词;7.介词短语;8.从句,如:
1.Themassesaretherealheroes.
2.That’ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.
3.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
4.Myideaisthis.
5.Timeispressing.Let’shurryup.
6.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.
7.Wemustbeoffnow.
8.Theyaretwicethesizeofchickens.
9.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.
三、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1.名词;2.代词;3.数词;4.非谓语(动名词,不定式);5.从句;如:
1.Shediedaheroicdeath.
2.Theydidn’tpromisehimanythingdefinite.
3.Howmanydoyouwant?
Weneedtwo.
4.Payattentiontounitingandworkingwithcomradeswhodifferwithyou.
5.Learntoplaythepiano.
6.I’llgetitstamped.
7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?
四、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1.形容词;2.代词;3.数词;4.名词或名词所有格;5.非谓语(现在分词;过去分词;不定式)6.介词短语;7.副词;8.从句,如:
1.Hiswordsmovedeveryonepresent.
2.Webelongtothethirdworld.
3.Thisisindeedamostpressingproblem.
4.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.
5.theinterestsofthepeople/amanofgoodtemper/achildoffive
五、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示:
1.副词;2.介词短语;3.非谓语(现在分词;过去分词;不定式);4.从句;如:
1.Theyweregreatlytouchedtoheartheoldman’sstory.
2.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.
3.Isaiditinfun.
4.Weareworkingdayandnight.
5.Hecameupshoulderingaspade.
6.Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.
7.Seeingthis,somestudentsbecameveryworried.
8.Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.
练习二
一用所给单词的适当形式填空
动词
1作谓语时,有时态,语态,人称变化
2作非谓语时,只有doing,done,todo三种形式。
(介词之后用doing,作主宾用doing或todo,表主动用doing,表被动用done,表将来或目的用todo)
①Themanwentintothehouseand________upacigarette.(light)
③Nobodywill_________(allow)toenterthestadiumwithoutaticket.
④Severaldayslater,thefloodwater_______(sink)andlifereturnedtonormal.
⑤Tryto______(simple)yourexplanationforthestudentstohelpthemunderstandbetter.
名词
1作主语,放在谓语动词前
2作宾语,跟在及物动词后或介词后。
3跟在a,an,the,my,his,our,no等词后
4跟在Therebe之后
①Somestudentsholdtheviewthatuniversitiesshouldbecentersof___________(cultural).
②Thatshophasafine_______(select)ofcakes.
③Wehaven’ttoldourfriendsaboutour_______(remove)toLondon.
④Hisdreamofbecomingan_______(art)hascometrue.
⑤Thehorsewasfrightenedbythesoundofthe_________(explode).
⑥Asthepeopleofthegreatnation,weshalltakeonour_______________(responsible)tomakeitstronger.
⑦Therearemany______________(similar)betweenthetwobrothers.
⑧Groupsofyoungboysandgirlsarehavingtheirphysicaltraininginthe___________(gymnast).
⑨Canyouunderstandthevarious_____________(advertise)alloverthecity?
⑩Itiscertainthatshewillwinthe___________(compete).
形容词
1放在名词之前
2跟在连系动词后
1.Thepriceofthe__________bedsisreasonable,Ithink.(wood)
2.Itwas_______(amaze)thatheknewnothingabouttheevent.
3.Yesterdaytheywereinvitedtoa_______(form)party.
4.Iamveryinterestedin______(Greece)andRomanstories.
5.Inthemorning,wewentona______(magic)journeyintoaworldofdreamsatDisneyland.
6.Infactitis______(relate)tothecase.
副词
1修饰动词,位置很活
2修饰形容词,放在形容词之前
3修饰整个句子,位置很活
1.Idon’twanttogo;___________,Ihaven’tenoughtimeatthemoment.(beside)
2.Tomysurprise,JackandLilywere_________marriedlastweek.(secret)
3.Ihave__________seensuchabeautifulpresent.(rare)
4.Yourbossthinksvery_______(high)ofyourwork.
5.Bobi