吸尘器论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献.docx

1、吸尘器论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献中英文对照资料外文翻译文献The vacuum cleaner technology and historyVacuum cleaner - classification Vacuum cleaner species more, according to the structure points are mainly：1, vertical：a bucket or square round the majority，points on, under two parts，the upper part is powered with motor，the lowe

2、r for dust collection box 2, horizontal: rectangular or models shape，have two parts，front before for dust collection box，rear part for the motor3 and portable，it usually has four kinds of form - shoulder type：smaller，when using back on his shoulders，smaller power；Pole type： shape like rod，handles，an

3、d on the top is for suction nozzle below，smaller power；Portable:smaller，which can be directly used in hand grip, smaller power；Mini type：multi-purpose battery-powered，smaller，more for clean clothes, instruments，smaller powerAccording to the drive motors to pointsvacuum cleaner and can be divided int

4、o the following categories: ac vacuum cleaners, dc cleaner and ac/dc amphibious vacuum cleanerVacuum cleaner - working principle Cleaner mainly by up dust，vacuuming，blow 3 parts，generally includes string-excited motor, centrifugal blower KSF, blow device (bags) and vacuuming accessories. KSF string-

5、excited motor speed up more than 20000r/min (mini vacuum cleaner analyzedcombined by micro，rated voltage dc machines for 3 6V). Blow is usually adopts mesh， flannelette or filter materials. General cleaner power for 400 1000W or higher，portable vacuum cleaner power generally lower than 250WCleaner p

6、rinciple of work is as follows： motor high-speed drive their impeller rotation, make air high-speed eduction, and the air blower front-end vacuuming cottrell constantly supply，make aspiration to fan cottrell，thus produced with outside the instantaneous vacuum forming negative pressure differential p

7、ressure，on the pressure difference，under the action of inhaled air，the dust scurf，ejecting purity is filtered air cleaner airThe greater the air pressure difference，the greater the greater ability，aspirationA vacuum cleaner，commonly referred to as a vacuum is a device that uses an air pump to create

8、 a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors. The dirt is collected by either a dust bag or a cyclone for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well an in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and models: from small battery-operated hand-held devices to huge

9、stationary industrial appliances that can handle several hundred litters of dust before being emptied.TechnologyA vacuums suction is caused by a difference in air pressure. An electric fan reduces the pressure inside the machine. Atmospheric pressure then pushes the air through the carpet and into t

10、he nozzle, and so the dust is literally pushed into the bag.Tests have shown that vacuuming can kill 100% of young fleas and 96% of adult fleas.A British inventor has developed a new cleaning technology known as Air Recycling Technology which instead of using a vacuum uses an air stream to collect d

11、ust from the carpet. This technology was tested by the Market Transformation Programmer (MTP) and shown to be more energy efficient than the vacuum method. Although working prototypes exist Air Recycling Technology is not currently used in any production cleaner.Exhaust filtrationVacuums by their na

12、ture cause dust to become airborne, by exhausting air that is not completely filtered. This can cause health problems since the operator ends up inhaling this dust. There are several methods manufacturers are using to solve this problem. Some methods may be combined together in a single vacuum. Typi

13、cally the filter is positioned so that the incoming air passes through it before it reaches the motor. Typically, the filtered air then passes through the motor for cooling purposes.HistoryThe vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeper via manual vacuum cleaners. The first manual models, using b

14、ellows, came in the 1869s, and first motorised models came in the beginning of the 20th century.Daniel HessDaniel Hess of West Union, Lowe, USA invented a vacuum cleaner in 1860.Calling it a carpet sweeper instead of a vacuum cleaner, his machine did, in fact, have a rotating brush like a traditiona

15、l vacuum cleaner, which also possessed an elaborate bellows mechanism on top of the body to generate suction of dust and dirt. Hess received a patent (U.S.No.29.077) for his invention of the vacuum cleaner on July 10, 1860.Elves W. Mc GaffeThe first manually-powered cleaner using vacuum principles w

16、as the “Whirlwind,” invented in Chicago, USA in 1868 by elves W. Mc Gaffe The machine was lightweight and compact, but was difficult to operate because of the need to turn a hand crank at the same time as pushing it across the floor. Mc Gaffe enlisted the help of The American Carpet Cleaning Co. of

17、Boston to market it to the pubic. It was sold for $25. It is hard to determine how successful the Whirlwind was, as most of them were sold in Chicago and Boston, and it is likely that many were lost in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Only two are known to have survived, one of which can be found in

18、the Hoover Historical Center. Mc Gaffney was but one of many 19th-century inventors in the United States and Europe who devised manual vacuum cleaners. He obtained a patent (U.S.No.91,145) on June 8,1869.Melville BissellIn 1876, Melville Bissell of Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA created a vacuum cleane

19、r for his wife, Anna, to clean up sawdust in carpeting. Shortly after, Bissell Carpet Sweepers were born. After Melville died unexpectedly in 1889, Anna took control of the company and was one of the most powerful businesswomen of the day.John S. ThurmanOn November 14,1898, John S. Thurman of St. Lo

20、uis, Missouri, USA. Submitted for patent (U.S.No.634,042)a “pneumatic carpet renovator”. It was issued on October3, 1899. Thurman created a gasoline powered carpet cleaner for the General Compressed Air Company. In a newspaper advertisement from the St. Louis Dispatch, Thurman offered his invention

21、of the horse drawn (which went door to door) motorized cleaning system in St. Louis. Louis. He offered cleaning services at $4 per visit. By 1906, Thurman was offering built-in central cleaning systems that used compressed air, yet featured n dust collection. Thurmans machine is sometimes considered

22、 the first vacuum cleaner. However, the dust was blown into a receptacle rather than being sucked in, an in the machine now used . In later patent litigation, Judge Augustus Hand ruled that Thurman “does not appear to have attempted to design a vacuum cleaner or to have understood the process of vac

23、uum cleaning.”H. Cecil BoothHubert Cecil Booth has the strongest claim to inventing the motorized vacuum cleaner in 1901. As Booth recalled decades later, in 1901 he attended “a demonstration of an American machine by its inventor” at the Empire Music Hall in London. The inventor is not named, but B

24、ooths description of the machine conforms fairly closely to Thurmans design, as modified in later patents. Booth watched a demonstration of the device which blew dust off the chairs, and thought it would be much more useful to have one that sucked dust. He tested the idea by laying a handkerchief on

25、 the seat of a restaurant chair, putting his mouth to the handkerchief, and then trying to suck up as much dust as he could onto the handkerchief. Upon seeing the dust and dirt collected on the underside of the handkerchief he realized the idea could work. Booth created a large device, driven first

26、by an oil engine, and later by an electric motor electric. Nicknamed the Puffing Billy, Booths petrol-powered, horse-drawn vacuum cleaner relied upon air drawn through a cloth filter. Gaining the royal seal of approval, Booths motorized vacuum cleaner was used to clean the carpets of Westminster Abb

27、ey prior to Edward VIIs coronation in 1901. Booth received his first patents on February 18 and August 30, 1901David T. KenneyNine patents granted to the New Jersey, USA inventor David T. Kenney between 1903 and 1913 established the foundation for the American vacuum cleaner industry. Membership in

28、the Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers Associatio, formed in 1919, was limited to licensees under his patents.Walter GriffithsIn 1905 Griffiths Improved Vacuum Apparatus for Removing Dust from Carpets was another manually operated cleaner, patented by Walter Griffiths Manufacturer, Birmingham, England. wa

29、s portable, easy to store, and powered by any one person (such as the ordinary domestic servant he task of compressing a bellows-like contraption to suck up dust through a removable, flexible pipe, to which a variety of shaped nozzles could be attached. This was arguably the first domestic vacuum-cl

30、eaning device to resemble the modern vacuum cleaner.Hermann BogenschildGerman immigrant engineer Hermann Bogenschild filed a patent in 1906 for a mechanical dust removing apparatus. Emigrating from Berlin to Milwaukee in 1892, Bogenschilds device was mounted on wheels for portability and its motor w

31、as connected to a hose and filter system.James Murray SpanglerIn 1907, James Murray Spangler, a janitor Canton, Ohio, practical, portable vacuum cleaner. Crucially, in addition to suction that used an electric fan, a box, and one of his wifes pillowcases, Spanglers design incorporated a rotating bru

32、sh to loosen debris. Unable to produce the design himself due to lack of funding, he sold the patent in 1908 to William Henry Hoover who had Spanglers machine redesigned with a steel casing, casters, and attachments. Subsequent innovations included the first disposal filter bags in the 1920s and the first upright vacuum cleaner in 1926.HooverSpangler patented his rotating-brush design June 2, 1908, and eventually sold the idea to his cousins husband, Hoover. He was looking for a new product to sell, as the leather goods produced by his Hoover Harness and Leather Goods co