届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练概要写作与翻译专项提升训练上海卷适用.docx

1、届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练概要写作与翻译专项提升训练上海卷适用2019届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练概要写作与翻译专项提升训练（上海卷适用）一、阅读表达1.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60wonds. Use your own words as, far as possible. Every time there is a mass shooting, th

2、e debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesnt the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the1600s, when the first

3、 Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in Americans Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers bel

4、ieved that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the “right to keep and

5、bear arms.” So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nations early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which

6、 remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of

7、Americas diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.2.Summary WritingQuiet Virtue: The Conscientious The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual, careful in doing work, s

8、elf-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. Its the conscientious worker

9、 who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline. Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from s

10、emi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in todays constant

11、ly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on. But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since co

12、nscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failu

13、res that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships. When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. Success in creative professions like art or advertising calls for a balance between wild ideas and conscientiousn

14、ess. Without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.3.Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as

15、far as possible. It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents views of life vary, they show their love in different ways. The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to obser

16、ve. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others opinions, least of all, their childrens. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “ you should do this.”

17、Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are con

18、tent. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their childrens sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?” The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They

19、are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their childrens interests, and listen attentively to their childrens expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to

20、 their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Lets put out heads together and see what we can do.” There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, fri

21、endly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.4.Summary WritingDirections:Read the f

22、ollowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Workaholic Economy Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemploy

23、ed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War . In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress. There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure. Since 19

24、70, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels

25、workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因) involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are

26、 on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder. For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “Peop

27、le who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “Its taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a fi

28、rms well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.5.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own w

29、ords as far as possible.Screen-addicted teens are unhappy A new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time. Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting were less h

30、appy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interaction. Total screen avoidance doesnt lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among those with no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twe

31、nge, the leading researcher said.“It could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school, that its very difficult to carry on friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on social media.”It is also possible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said teens with

32、 special needs or in special education, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents. The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digital media a little less than an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness rises steadily along with increasing screen time, the researchers report in the journal Emotion. “Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-fa