论美的本质王东岳 完整阅读On the essence of beautyWang Dongyues complete reading.docx

1、论美的本质王东岳 完整阅读On the essence of beauty Wang Dongyues complete reading论美的本质-王东岳 完整阅读（On the essence of beauty - Wang Dongyues complete reading）Pen name son not fish, free scholar. Independent of any political parties and academic institutions, no fixed occupation, nor determine the title, was the mast

2、er of medicine, but after graduate out of the medical community; also worked as a visiting professor of Oriental culture and visiting professor of Philosophy Department of Northwestern University, Xian Jiaotong University School of management, in order to make a living. Have published three volume t

3、wo volume three: the play theory as a Book of essays; a fish music; a compilation of the human fall. E-mail: zfywdyOn the essence of beautyDong Yue WangOn beauty and aesthetic issues, there are two ways: one is to discuss the specific category of aesthetics, aesthetics and aesthetic problems involve

4、d in general; the other is to discuss the essence of beauty, that is to ask what is the beauty of this thing. And the second way of discussion can only be a philosophical way. Today I am talking about the origin of beauty in the sense of philosophy. Therefore, my classmates may think that it is far

5、from the United States. However, it is because it is far from us that it can really grasp the essence of beauty.OneLets begin by talking about the question of beauty.In the history of philosophy, the first one to put forward the question of the essence of beauty was Platon, an ancient Greek philosop

6、her. Platon discussed the problem in Socratic dialogue with others, and the only conclusion was that beauty is difficult. Platon believes that the beauty problem is very difficult, and almost impossible to make clear. In this article,Socrates used way to deny them all to answer what is beautiful. In

7、 other words, Platon in this way is to tell people, multi factor analysis with the beauty of the way not a conclusion, it must find the single factor determines the direction, otherwise the problem is not going to discuss.Why is the nature of beauty a philosophical question? I briefly talk about the

8、 meaning of philosophy. Philosophy differs from other knowledge in that philosophy is the study of ultimate causes. That is, it does not examine the causes of things in the general or intuitive shallow. For example, we talk about health, and if we discuss it on a general level of factors, the 1000 f

9、actors are endless. Philosophy does not discuss problems in this way, and our usual science or general knowledge is a matter of many factors. The way in which many factors are discussed makes any factor impossible, so it is doubtful that many factors can be discussed. And philosophy is the ultimate

10、factor, is a single factor to discuss the problem. Therefore, Russell has a philosophy for philosophy: Philosophy and theology are similar, because the problems discussed in philosophy and theology are the ultimate problems. The difference between philosophy and theology is that philosophy is the ul

11、timate question of reason, and theology is the ultimate concern with faith. On the other hand, philosophy and science are similar, the same thing about them is that they are rational use of this tool, they differ in that philosophy focuses on the ultimate question, and discusses the concrete problem

12、s of science. The question of the nature of beauty,From the specific level, we can not discuss it. Therefore, we must start from philosophy to discuss this problem.What is beauty exactly? Public opinions are divergent。 There is a famous saying in Qi Baishi: beauty is between being and not being. It

13、is like and unlike, he said, if there is too much like, kitsch too, if not, there is suspicion of cheat. The United States must be in between like and do not like, that is to say, beauty is a very erratic. Platon, the first philosopher who discussed beauty in ancient times, thought beauty was a subj

14、ective idea. That is to say, beauty is not an objective derivative. His student, Aristotle, made a different point of view. Aristotle holds that beauty is objective and beauty is a kind of harmony of external objects. For example, when we say that a person is beautiful, he must have how big his head

15、 is, how long his limbs are and how his trunk is. Im afraid that beauty is contained in such a harmonious relationship. Philosophy continues to develop, and all philosophers are discussing the question of beauty. By Kant and Hagel, the question of beauty was once again transformed into pure ideas. S

16、o, is beauty objective or subjective? What is beauty exactly? The way philosophers used to talk, I think we cant solve the problem, we cant draw a conclusion. Lets move on this way today and discuss what beauty is from a distance.TwoTo discuss what beauty is, we must first find out what perception a

17、nd spirit are, because beauty is a mental phenomenon, or a psychological reaction in mental phenomena. If the origin of the spirit is unclear,The question of beauty is out of the question, or the essence of beauty is out of the question.Now that we are starting to pull the systematic science of the

18、twentieth Century, we seem to find another way to discuss the problem in philosophy, or in the origin of the mind. The important development of Natural Science in twentieth Century drew an important conclusion, namely, the concept of all things are one line and all things are alike. What do you mean

19、 by everything in one line? Lets give an example, the famous American physicist named Gherman, who was the discoverer of quarks, won the Nobel prize for physics. Everything in the world is made up of quarks and electrons, he said. But why is there such a difference? A stone and a Jaguar, for example

20、, are all quarks and electrons, but why are there so many different kinds of things? This is a question that scientists can not answer, and even the Nobel prize winners cannot answer this question. But the most important thing about twentieth Century is that people find that everything is homogeneou

21、s. We used to think that the difference between things and things is because they contain different content, that is, the material inherent material is different. For example, the difference between a table and a person is because the intrinsic material is different, this argument does not hold wate

22、r. Because, fundamentally, wood is exactly the same as the basic particles that are made of man. This problem appeared as early as in ancient Greece, and Telles, the first philosopher in ancient Greece, put forward the question. He left only one sentence: water is the original of all things.,In orde

23、r to become the first in human history sages. This sentence is wrong and right is not important, he gave an important reminder of ancient Greece, the earliest philosophers are questioning the origin of the world, and then suspected that everything in the world is essentially a product of something.

24、After more than 100 years, Leucippus and Democritus proposed atomic theory. So far, atomic theory is still at the forefront of modern physics. That is to say, that everything in the world is composed of the basic elements, the idea is to put forward 2500 years ago the philosopher, and the frontier o

25、f modern physics in the study is still the most basic problem, although it is already beyond the atomic research into basic particles, but the philosopher said that the atomic theory is the basic the particle was today. The way in which philosophy deals with problems at the end becomes the forerunne

26、r of science. The important development of the twentieth Century is that in addition to discovering the same origin, it is more important to discover that material evolution is a general series, namely, the whole being. The discovery begins with Darwin. In nineteenth Century, after Darwin put forwar

27、d the theory of biological evolution, it was recognized that, at least in the biological community, the evolution of species is a gradual process, is a process of evolution of a system. By twentieth Century, the conclusion had been greatly expanded. It has been found that there has been a molecular

28、evolution before evolution, from inorganic small molecules to organic macromolecules, and even to biological macromolecules. The most famous experiment in the process was the Oparin experiment in 1953. The others put some very simple inorganic molecules and organic molecules into a flask,Simulating

29、the state of the primordial Earth, the long peptide chains of proteins are gradually derived from these small inorganic molecules and organic molecules under natural conditions. The boundaries between life and molecules were finally broken. Then, in twentieth Century, a major discovery was that life

30、 was ultimately a series of molecular codes. The emergence of genetic theory has filled the gap between molecular existence and life. Moving on, physicists discovered that atomic evolution was before molecular evolution. For example, a periodic table of the chemical elements, from first hydrogen ele

31、ments of it, to the No. ninety-second uranium elements of it, the whole development process of it in nature, in the universe, even in the modern supernova explosion theory, is also a gradual process of the formation of. This allows us to see the world in a new light. The concept of homogeneity of al

32、l things proposed by the ancient Greek philosophers has not only been proved by modern science, but also transformed the concept of homogeneity into an evolutionary sequence.Talking about aesthetics, why should I start from here? We need to see how the spirit actually happened. Because in the final analysis, aesthetics can not be completely separated from spiritual activities.We can see such a phenomenon: the more primitive material existence, its existence in the universe abundance is high, Yan save longer, is more stable; develop more species, it always exists in the universe the quality is