七年级下册外研版冠词用法补充讲解.docx

1、七年级下册外研版冠词用法补充讲解第十二讲一、 冠词用法1 定冠词的基本用法（1）表示上文提到过的人或事物（2）用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或事物（3）用于世界上独一无二的事物前（4）用于表示方位的名词前面。（5）用于序数词或形容词最高级前。（6）用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。（7）用于形容词前，使其名词化。（8）用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前（9）用于复数姓氏前，表示“一家人”（10）用于西洋乐器类名词前（11）in + the + 年代复数形式表示“在多少世纪多少年代”（12）用于一些固定短语中2 不定冠词的基本用法（1）泛指一个（2）指人或事物的某一种类（3）指某人一或事

2、物，但不具体说明（4）用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位名词前，表示“每一”（5）表示同样的（6）表数量，相当于one， 但语气较弱（7）使抽象名词具体化（8）在一些固定搭配中3 零冠词的基本用法（1）表示总称的复数名词之前（2）不含普通名词的专有名词前（3）名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时（4）季节、月份、星期等名词前一般不用冠词（5）称呼用语前不用冠词（6）一日三餐前不用冠词（7）节假日前不用冠词（8）球类和棋类运动的名词前不用冠词（9）在一些成对出现的短语前不用冠词二、 数词用法（1）基数词用来数数，序数词用来表顺序（前面要加the)。（2）基数词变序数词记忆口诀：

3、 基变序有规律，词尾加上th。 一、二、三，特殊记，词尾字母tdd。 八去t，九减e，再加th. Ve要用f替，再加th. 整十改y为ie, 再加th. 遇到几百几十几，只变个位就可以。特殊用法：1 加减乘除运算用基数词。2 小数，百分数用基数词。3 年月日中日用序数词，年用基数词。4 具体时间，几点几分用基数词。5 电话号码用基数词。考点补充：1 第一课/ 一个房间/一排/一页的表达 Lesson One / The First Lesson Room One / The First Room Row One /The First Row2 表年龄： nine years old / my

4、ninth birthday3 数量单位hundred , thousand, million,billion前面有数字用单数，没数字用复数+of【基础闯关】一 语法针对性训练1 I think _ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam _ easy. A three fourths, is B third four, are C three fourths, are D three fourth, are 2 Some scientists think that it will take _ of years

5、to make robots do most work for humans. A hundreds B hundred C thousand3 I got a good present on my _ birthday. A nine B ninth C the nine D the ninth4 The _ World Table Tennis Championship began _ the morning of May 25, 2010 _ Moscow, Russia. A Fifty, in, in B Fiftieth, on, in C Fiftieth, in, on D F

6、ifty, on, in5 The number of the students in our school is about nine _. _ of them are boys. A hundred, Two thirds B hundred, Two third C hundreds, Two thirds D hundreds, Two third6 If a=4,b=5, whats the answer to the question “a + 2ab + 1 = ?” - _. A Forty-fifth B Forty-five C Twenty-three D One hun

7、dred and twenty-one7 How often do you exercise ? - _ a weak. A Two B Twice C Second8 The teacher said that _ of the boys would take part in the talent show. A three five B three fives C thirds fifths D three fifths9 Tomorrow is the boys _ birthday. A seventh B seven C seventeen10 About _ of the stud

8、ents in Grade Nine this year were born in the _. A three five, 1996 B three fifths, 1990s C third fifth, 1997 D third fifths, 1990s11 He wrote his _ novel when he was _. A five, fifties B fifth, fifty C fifth, fiftieth12 May is the _ month of a year. A fifty B fifteen C fifth D five13 A _ girl named

9、 Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father. A three-year-old B three-years-old C three years old 14 Our school is going to hold the _ Culture Festival . - I see. And we can take part in _ activities. A tenth, tenth B ten, tenth C tenth, ten D ten, ten 15 What do you want to be in the future, Nick

10、? - I want to be _ pilot. It is _ exciting job. A a, a B a, an C the, an D a, the16 There is _ big supermarket in _ center of our city. A a, the B the, a C the, the 17 John can play _ guitar, but he cant play _ chess. A the, / B /, the C the, the 18 Lily is coming by _ plane tomorrow. Lets go to _ a

11、irport to meet her. A a, a B /, a C the, the D /, the19 What _ exciting sports show ! - Yeah, I love this game. A a B the C an20 How was _ dinner at Mikes house ? - It was great. Mikes mum is_ wonderful cook. A a, the B the, a C the, the D a, an 21 Did you get there by _ bike ? - No, I took _ taxi.

12、A a, a B /, a C the, the D a, the22 What are you going to be when you grow up ? - _ teacher like you. A A B An C The D /23 On March 11, 2011 _ earthquake hit Japan. A an B a C / D the24 Theres _ apple on the table. _apple is for my little brother. A a, An B an, An C the, An D an, The25 Whats your ho

13、bby, Lucy ? - I like playing _ piano best. A a B / C the二 基础知识(1) 词汇1 He didnt have any p_ buying such things.2 The air p_ is becoming worse and worse in China.3 You can enjoy a good s_ in this restaurant.4 Dont make any n_ in the classroom.5 He lives in a f_ close to the city center.6 More and more

14、 people have their _(个人的) cars.7 We have to work hard to _(保护)our world.8 Dont throw r _ everywhere. We need a clean environment(2) 单项选择1 May I speak to Mr. Smith ? - _, please. Ill see if he is in. A Look out B Hold on C Keep up D Come on2 How far is it from the railway station to the hotel ? - Its

15、 about _ walk. A ten minutes B ten-minutes C ten minutes D ten minutes3 Did you hear any strange _ when the quake happened ? - No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful _ of my birds at that time. A voice, noise B noise, sound C whisper, sound D sound, voice4 Countries wi

16、th _ should pay attention to the environment. A few people B large population C larger people D many pollution5 If every famiy has more than one child, the population will _ quickly. A increase B get C rise D raise6 When we got to the town , its midnight, so wee couldnt find somewhere_. A to live B

17、to live in C living D live7 I find a big house. It can _ six people. A take B carry C hold D bring8 In hot weather we should pay attention to protecting ourselves _ strong sunlight. A from B for C with D to9 Dont worry, sir. I am sure I can run _ to catch up with them. A fast enough B enough fast C

18、slowly enough D enough slowly10 A _ girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father. A three-year-old B three-years-old C three years old11 The little sheep jumped _ the small river. A under B over C through D about 12 When I saw the Chinese national flag _, tears came to my eyes. A rise B ra

19、ise C to rise D to raise13 We should make law to _ students from the harm of the junk food. A tell B make C protect D ask14 Could I speak to Jim, please ? - _, please. I will see if he is in. A Keep on B Hang on C Put on D No15 The hall is big enough to _ about 800 people. A take B bring C hold D ca

20、rry(3) 完成句子1许多鸟死于空气污染。 A lot of birds _ air pollution.2 太多的汽车加重了空气污染。 _ cars _ the air pollution.3 你知道那边发生了什么事吗？ Do you know _ over there?4 我正在为考试做准备。 I am _ the exam.5 我不想邀请这么多的人来我的生日聚会。 I dont want to invite _ people _ my birthday party.6 当地政府去年关闭了所有的煤矿。 The local government _ all the mines last y

21、ear.一 情态动词的定义 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词后面加动词原形。二 情态动词的分类只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare

22、可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to三 各情态动词的具体用法1 can 1）表示能力、许可、可能性。人具有的能力，且不能用may 和must代替。 2）表示可能、能够 3）表示许可，常用在口语中。 4）表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中 用cant ，意为“不可能”。例：-I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would gothere. - No. She _ be there. I have just been

23、there. A cant B mustnt C neednt D wouldnt2 could1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。2）用于疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去时的意思。3. may (might)1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please do

24、nt ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。4. must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exer

25、cisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。4. shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三

26、人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。If you will read

27、 the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic

28、go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。6. should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。7.would1）表意愿。They would not l

29、et him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8. ought to 1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他