1、过去进行时的用法感叹句讲解与练习由感叹词what引导的感叹句。 what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式: 1. What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!:What+名词词组+主语+谓语!如: What a big apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语! What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 二、由How引导的感叹句。 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! How h
2、ard the workers are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs!what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。如: What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is! 在
3、口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如: What a nice present!(省略it is) How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)关于感叹句 what 和 how 的区别: 一、 由what引导的感叹句:what意为多么用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是: what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is). What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀! 二、由how引导的感叹句:how意为多么,用作状语,修
4、饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是: How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is). How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! 三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用what引导,也可用how引导。如: What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如: What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀!祈使句 - 类型祈使句有三种类
5、型: 一、含第二人称主语的祈使句 1. 当祈使的对象是第二人称you时称为含第二人称主语的祈使句。这时,主语you通常不出现在句中,谓语动词用原形。有时在句首或句末加please,还可加上称呼语,用逗号与句子主体隔开。如: Please be quiet, boys! 孩子们,请安静! Come this way, please. 请走这边。 如要加强语气,可在动词前加do。如: Do keep away from the fire! 切记远离火种! 2. 否定式在谓语动词前加Dont或Do not,强调否定式则在动词前加Never。如: Dont always make the same m
6、istake. 不要老犯同一个错误。 Never be late again. 千万别再迟到了。 3. 有时,为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令,或表达说话人的急躁、厌烦、不满、恼怒的情绪,就用主语you表示,且放在动词前。如: fuck you! You come here! 你到这里来! You mind your head! 小心别碰到头了! 若为否定式,则把Dont放在主语you之前。如: Dont you come here! 你别来这里! 二、含第一、第三人称主语的祈使句 1. 含第一或第三人称主语的祈使句通常以Let(使役动词)开头,第一人称由“Let + me / us +动词
7、原形”构成,第三人称由“Let + 第三人称代词(用宾格)或名词+动词原形”构成。这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。: Let me have a try if you dont want to. 如果你不想,就让我试一试吧。 Lets spend this weekend in the country. 咱们到乡下去度这个周末吧。 Let him be here by ten oclock. 叫他10点到这里吧。 有时也可以先称呼对方的名字,后跟一句无人称主语的祈使句。如: Jane, sit down please. 简,请坐下。 Mum, remember to bring me an umb
8、rella. 妈妈,记得给我带把伞。 2. 这类祈使句的否定式是在动词原形前加not,也可以在let前加Dont。如: Lets not waste our time about it. =Dont let us waste our time about it.Dont let us wait here. 别让我们在这儿等。 =Let us not wait here.Dont let him go out. =let him not go out.三、无动词祈使句 在请求、命令和口号中,常用无动词祈使句,它实际上是省略了动词,从而使语句更简洁或有力。如: Just a minute, ple
9、ase! 请稍等! This way, please! 请这边走! Attention! 立正!注意! At ease!稍息Up the stairs! 上楼! To the playground, everyone of you! 到操场上去,你们每个人都得去! 在一些指示牌上,常用“No +动名词/名词”构成简略式的否定祈使句。如: No smoking! 禁止抽烟! No parking! 禁止停车! No photos! 禁止拍照! 还有一些是祝词类的无动词祈使句,如: Mayyousucceed!祝你成功! Longliveourfriendship!我们的友谊万岁! May you
10、 have a good trip! 祝你旅途愉快!祈使句 - 含义1. 表请求 Pass me the sugar, please. 请把糖递给我。 2. 表命令 Put up your hands. 举手。Hands up! Fill in this form. 把这个表填好。 3. 表建议 Lets have dinner together. 我们共进晚餐吧。 4. 表邀请 Come in and have a seat. 进来请坐。 Help yourself to some fruits. 请吃水果。 5. 表警告 Hurry up or you will be late.抓紧点,不
11、然你要迟到了。 Do that again and you”ll be in trouble.要是再干那事,你会有麻烦的。 6. 表禁止 Dont touch the exhibits.不要触摸展品。Dont play on the road.不要在马路上玩耍。 Rain dogs and cats. Big banana.7. 表叮嘱 Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前赶到那里。 Take care not to catch a cold. 小心别着凉了。Have a cold.8. 表号召 Workers of all countries, u
12、nite! 全世界工人阶级联合起来! 9. 表祝愿 Have a good trip/time. 祝你旅途愉快。Have a good time. 祈使句 - 对特定的人使用的祈使句 祈使句如Wait here! (在这儿等着!) 可以是对一个人说,也可以是对几个人说,其主语暗含you。但我们却可以用下列方式引起我们说话的对象的注意: You+祈使语气动词 You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。 语调和重音很重要。在上面这一句里,如果不重读you, 那么句子的意思是this is where you wait (这就是你应等着的地方);如果重读you, 那么
13、句子的意思就是this is what I want you to do (这是我要你做的事)。此外,重读you时还可以表示愤怒、敌意或不客气。如: You mind your own business! 不关你什么事!(from ) You try teaching 40 noisy children five days a week! 你来试试每周5天教40个吵闹的孩子! 在否定句中Dont要重读 (不重读you)。如:Dont you speak to me like that! 你别这样跟我讲话! “you+人名”或“人名+you” You wait here, Jim, and Ma
14、ry, you wait there. 你等在这儿,吉姆;玛丽,你等在那儿。 “祈使语气+人名”或“人名+祈使语气”:Drink up your milk, Sally! 把你的牛奶喝光,萨利! Sally, drink up your milk! 萨利,把你的牛奶喝光! 祈使语气+反身代词 Enjoy yourself. 你好好享受吧。 Behave yourself. 你放规矩点。 对一群人讲话时,祈使语气可与everybody, someone之类的词连用: Everyone keep quiet! 大家安静! Keep still everybody! 每个人都保持不动!Nobody
15、say a word! 都不许说话! Somebody answer the phone please. 请来个人接电话。 在表示否定的命令语气后面可用带any的复合词 Dont say a word anybody! 谁都不要说话! Dont anybody say a word! 任何人都不许说话! 语法讲解:反义疑问句的回答及特殊情况对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例:He lik
16、es playing football, doesnt he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?Yes, she did. / No, she didnt. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。简要总结反意疑问句19条:1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister,arent I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish
17、to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to(应该)=should 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, sh
18、ouldnt/oughtnt he? 5) 陈述部分有have to +v. 或(had to + v.),疑问部分常用dont +主语(didnt +主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to(过去常常) 时,疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by y
19、ourself, hadnt you?8) 陈述部分有would rather(宁愿) +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite(背诵)it, wouldnt he?9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。(=you would like to +V)Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You mu
20、st have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由neither nor既不是也不是, either or要么.要么;或者或者(遵循就近一直原则) 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定.Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
21、Neither I nor you are engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复
22、合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:He is not (the man who gave us a talk), is he?He said (that he wanted to visit Japan), didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, any
23、one, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare敢;或need(这两个词既是实意动词也是情态动词)的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare he?当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动
24、词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you/ wont you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意: Lets 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you
25、 ?18) 陈述部分是there be结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?【反义疑问句】(The Disjunctive Question)又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句
26、由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。 1 陈述部分肯定式,疑问部分否定式 ?如:She was ill yesterday, wasnt she? 2 陈述部分否定式(或有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时),疑问部分肯定式 ?如:You didnt go, did you? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they?*但:think,believe,suppose,ima
27、gine,expect等动词后接宾语从句,如果含有not的否定句,那么应将否定移到主句。例如:I dont think the party is very good,is it?【 反义疑问句的回答】用yes, no, 但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。如: They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗? Yes, they do. 不, 他们工作努力。No, they dont. 对, 他们工作不努力。现在进行时一, 现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由be+v-ing构成。be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。 二,现在进
28、行时的应用 在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如: We are making model planes these days
29、.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 (4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 三,现在进行时的变化 肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它? (回答用yes 或no )特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
30、注意:对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。四,现在进行时的用法(包括高级用法)1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。 Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. Lets set off. It isnt raining now. 这类情况常与now现在,at the present现在,at the moment现在,today今天,this week这个星期,this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态,如: Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点!我们大家都等着你。 Look! They are reading over there
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1