学年山东省威海市高二上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版.docx

1、学年山东省威海市高二上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版山东省威海市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题一、阅读选择 All living organisms are uniquely adapted to the environment in which they live. Scientists are studying the design and the biological processes of these organisms to get ideas for products and technologies. This field of study is called

2、biomimetics. Here are two examples.Toucan Bills and Car SafetyToucan usually has enormous bills. Scientists have found that the toucans beak is designed to be both strong and light. The surface is made of keratin, the same material in human fingernails and hair. But the inside of the bill has a foam

3、-like structure and is made up of a network of light, thin pieces of bone. It contains a lot of air, and some areas are hollow, not solid. This design makes the bill hard but very light.The design of the toucan bill can be used to make cars and planes safer. Studies show that the beaks structure can

4、 absorb high energy impacts very well. Car body panels that mimic toucan bills may offer better protection to motorists involved in crashes.Shark Scales and SwimsuitsShark skin may look smooth, but its actually rough. Sharks are covered in scales made from the same material as their teeth. Viewed up

5、 close, the scales actually look like tiny teeth. These scales protect the shark and help to keep it clean. They are also flexible and can turn or bend in the water. This movement reduces the waters drag on the shark and helps it to swim quickly.Scientists discovered that the shortfin makos scales v

6、ary in size and flexibility over its body. For instance the scales on the sides of the body are tapered wide at one end and narrow at the other. They can turn up or flatten to adjust to the flow of water around the shark and to reduce drag.Scientists believe that shark scales can inspire designs for

7、 machines that experience drag, such as airplanes. Designers are also getting ideas from shark scales for designing swimwear and coating ship bottoms.1Why do car body panels copy the design of toucan bill?ATo better protect passers-by. BTo reduce the injury to drivers.CTo decrease the chances of cra

8、shes. DTo make cars lighter and easier to control.2What product or technology is inspired by shark scales?ACoating for ship bottoms to run faster. BCoating for airplanes to experience drag.CThe panel that makes the plane safer. DSwimwear that is smooth to keep itself clean.3Whats the purpose of the

9、text?ATo present two innovative products. BTo introduce biomimetics by example.CTo show the unique adaptations of animals. DTo discuss the link between humans and animals.【答案】1B2A3B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了仿生学的概念以及两个用到了仿生学的例子。1细节理解题。根据第三段“The design of the toucan bill can be used to make cars and planes s

10、afer. Studies show that the beaks structure can absorb high energy impacts very well. Car body panels that mimic toucan bills may offer better protection to motorists involved in crashes.(巨嘴鸟喙的设计可以用来使汽车和飞机更安全。研究表明，喙的结构可以很好地吸收高能冲击。模仿巨嘴鸟喙的汽车车身面板可能会为驾驶者提供更好的撞车保护)”可知，汽车车身面板复制巨嘴鸟的设计是为了减少对司机的伤害。故选B。2细节理解题

11、。根据最后一段“Scientists believe that shark scales can inspire designs for machines that experience drag, such as airplanes. Designers are also getting ideas from shark scales for designing swimwear and coating ship bottoms.(科学家们相信，鲨鱼鳞片可以启发设计那些经受阻力的机器，比如飞机。设计师们还从鲨鱼鳞片中汲取灵感，设计泳装和船底涂层)”可知，可以使船跑得更快的船底涂层是受到了鲨鱼

12、鳞片的启发。故选A。3推理判断题。根据第一段“All living organisms are uniquely adapted to the environment in which they live. Scientists are studying the design and the biological processes of these organisms to get ideas for products and technologies. This field of study is called biomimetics. Here are two examples.(所有的

13、生物都能独特地适应它们所生活的环境。科学家们正在研究这些生物体的设计和生物过程，为产品和技术提供思路。这个研究领域被称为仿生学。这里有两个例子)”结合文章主要介绍仿生学的概念以及两个用到了仿生学的例子。可推知，这篇文章的目的是举例介绍仿生学。故选B。 The sun was rising as we drove across the Minnesota state line to New York for my new Ph.Dprogram. The move was good for me professionally, but I worried about my husband and

14、 daughters. I also feared that I wouldnt be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved.Anne, our first daughter, came into the world when I was a junior majoring in biology in college. It was challenging to balance classes, work schedules, and being a mom. But I got through it, finding moments

15、 of joy along the way. On the nights when I was home, Id read my class notes out loud with my daughter. Shed respond by asking questions, such as “Mom, what are bacteria?” It helped us both learn.After I graduated, I knew that I would need a Ph.Dto land the kind of job I wanted. I arrived in New Yor

16、k feeling more than the usual new-grad-student anxiety. I also suffered from a more personal fear that I was being selfishthat my decision to invigorate my career was going to have long-term negative impacts on my kids.Over the past year, though, Ive started to let go of some of this worry. Ive real

17、ized that we have not only adapted to our new situation, but things are getting better. My husband landed a job that he is happy with. Anne dreams of becoming a marine biologist. Recently, while driving past the cancer institute I work at, Anne said, “Thinking about people having cancer is so sad, b

18、ut I feel better knowing that you are researching it to help.”Navigating academia as a young mother is hard, but its also rewarding. My kids are learning to look at the world through the lens of science, and watching their mom succeed inspires them. I look forward to seeing them follow my footsteps,

19、 whatever path they choose.4How did the writer feel about the move for her Ph.Dprogram?AIt was fruitful but exhausting. BIt was the last thing she would do.CIt was hopeful but challenging. DIt was promising for the whole family.5Which can best replace the word “invigorate” in Paragraph 3?Aboost. Bch

20、ange. Ccreate. Dchoose.6What could be inferred from Annes words in Paragraph 4?APeople are afraid of having cancer. BCancer is health enemy No.1.CHer mother takes her job seriously. DAnne is proud of her mother.7What might be the best title of the text?AOnwards and Upwards BDouble Gains of Mums Purs

21、uitCLike Mother Like Daughter DGeneration Gap Narrowed by Love【答案】4C5A6D7B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对学业和家庭的双重追求和收获的故事。4细节理解题。根据第一段中“The move was good for me professionally, but I worried about my husband and daughters. I also feared that I wouldnt be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved.( 搬家对

22、我的职业生涯有好处，但我担心我的丈夫和女儿。我也担心我不能给我的孩子应有的童年。)”可知，作者认为因她的博士项目而搬家既是充满希望的，也是具有挑战性的。故选C项。5词句猜测题。根据第三段中“After I graduated, I knew that I would need a Ph.D. to land the kind of job I wanted. (毕业后，我知道我需要一个博士学位才能得到我想要的工作。)”可知，作者决定读博士来获得自己想要的工作，由此可知，这个决定是为了促进自己事业发展的，因此猜测划线词invigorate意为“促进，帮助”，可用动词boost替换。故选A项。6推

23、理判断题。根据第四段中“Recently, while driving past the cancer institute I work at, Anne said, “Thinking about people having cancer is so sad, but I feel better knowing that you are researching it to help.”(最近，当开车经过我工作的癌症研究所时，安妮说：“想到人们得了癌症让我很难过，但知道你在研究它来帮助他们，我感觉好多了。”)”可推知，安妮以她的母亲为荣。故选D项。7主旨大意题。根据第一段“The sun wa

24、s rising as we drove across the Minnesota state line to New York for my new Ph.D. program. The move was good for me professionally, but I worried about my husband and daughters. I also feared that I wouldnt be able to give my kids the childhood they deserved. (当我们驱车穿过明尼苏达州的州界去纽约攻读我的新博士学位时，太阳正在升起。搬家对

25、我的职业生涯有好处，但我担心我的丈夫和女儿。我也担心我不能给我的孩子应有的童年。)”，倒数第二段的“Over the past year, though, Ive started to let go of some of this worry. Ive realized that we have not only adapted to our new situation, but things are getting better. My husband landed a job that he is happy with. Anne dreams of becoming a marine b

26、iologist.”（然而，在过去的几年里，我已经开始放下这些担忧。我意识到我们不仅适应了新的环境，而且情况也在好转。我丈夫找到了一份满意的工作。安妮梦想成为一名海洋生物学家）和最后一段中“Navigating academia as a young mother is hard, but its also rewarding. (作为一个年轻的母亲，在学术界航行是困难的，但它也有回报。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者为了攻读博士学位搬家，但她担心丈夫和孩子不适应新环境。但最后的结果很好，丈夫找到了新工作，女儿也在她的影响下有了梦想和追求，自己也在工作领域发展得很好。因此文章的最佳标题是选项B“妈

27、妈追求的双重收获”。故选B项。 Barton Seaver is a chef and conservationist who wants our help to save the oceans. He believes that our eating choices have a direct impact on the oceans health. In this interview, Seaver discusses how individuals can make a big difference by making informed choices.Q: Should people

28、stop eating seafood?A: There are certain species that have been over fished and that people should definitely avoid. But I dont think we need to stop eating seafood altogether. I believe that we can save the oceans while continuing to enjoy seafood. For example, some types of seafood, come from well

29、-managed fisheries. And others, such as farmed mussels and oysters, actually help to restore declining wild populations and clean up polluted waters.Q: What kind of seafood should people eat? What should they not eat?A: My general advice is to eat fish and shellfish that are lower on the food chain

30、and that can be harvested with little impact on the environment. Some examples include farmed clams and oysters anchovies, sardines, and herring. People should not eat the bigger fish of the sea, like tuna, shark, and swordfish. Otherwise, we will face severe shortages of these species and upset the

31、 balance of life in the oceans.Q: Why did you choose to dedicate your life to the ocean?A: I believe that the next great advance in human knowledge will come from learning how we relate to our natural world. I have dedicated myself to helping people understand our place on this planet through the fo

32、ods that we eat.Q: Why do you believe people should care about the health of the oceans?A: The health of the oceans is directly linked to the health of people. The ocean provides most of the air that we breathe. It has a big effect on the weather. It also provides a necessary and vital diet for billions of people on the planet. So I am indeed trying to save the vital things that we rely on the ocean for.8Which statement might Barton Seaver agree with?AFish farming is