学年山东省威海市高二上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版.docx

学年山东省威海市高二上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版.docx

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学年山东省威海市高二上学期期末考试英语试题解析版

山东省威海市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

一、阅读选择

Alllivingorganismsareuniquelyadaptedtotheenvironmentinwhichtheylive.Scientistsarestudyingthedesignandthebiologicalprocessesoftheseorganismstogetideasforproductsandtechnologies.Thisfieldofstudyiscalledbiomimetics.Herearetwoexamples.

ToucanBillsandCarSafety

Toucanusuallyhasenormousbills.Scientistshavefoundthatthetoucan'sbeakisdesignedtobebothstrongandlight.Thesurfaceismadeofkeratin,thesamematerialinhumanfingernailsandhair.Buttheinsideofthebillhasafoam-likestructureandismadeupofanetworkoflight,thinpiecesofbone.Itcontainsalotofair,andsomeareasarehollow,notsolid.Thisdesignmakesthebillhardbutverylight.

Thedesignofthetoucanbillcanbeusedtomakecarsandplanessafer.Studiesshowthatthebeak'sstructurecanabsorbhighenergyimpactsverywell.Carbodypanelsthatmimictoucanbillsmayofferbetterprotectiontomotoristsinvolvedincrashes.

SharkScalesandSwimsuits

Sharkskinmaylooksmooth,butit'sactuallyrough.Sharksarecoveredinscalesmadefromthesamematerialastheirteeth.Viewedupclose,thescalesactuallylookliketinyteeth.Thesescalesprotectthesharkandhelptokeepitclean.Theyarealsoflexibleandcanturnorbendinthewater.Thismovementreducesthewatersdragonthesharkandhelpsittoswimquickly.

Scientistsdiscoveredthattheshortfinmako'sscalesvaryinsizeandflexibilityoveritsbody.Forinstancethescalesonthesidesofthebodyaretapered—wideatoneendandnarrowattheother.Theycanturnuporflattentoadjusttotheflowofwateraroundthesharkandtoreducedrag.

Scientistsbelievethatsharkscalescaninspiredesignsformachinesthatexperiencedrag,suchasairplanes.Designersarealsogettingideasfromsharkscalesfordesigningswimwearandcoatingshipbottoms.

1．Whydocarbodypanelscopythedesignoftoucanbill?

A．Tobetterprotectpassers-by.B．Toreducetheinjurytodrivers.

C．Todecreasethechancesofcrashes.D．Tomakecarslighterandeasiertocontrol.

2．Whatproductortechnologyisinspiredbysharkscales?

A．Coatingforshipbottomstorunfaster.B．Coatingforairplanestoexperiencedrag.

C．Thepanelthatmakestheplanesafer.D．Swimwearthatissmoothtokeepitselfclean.

3．What’sthepurposeofthetext?

A．Topresenttwoinnovativeproducts.B．Tointroducebiomimeticsbyexample.

C．Toshowtheuniqueadaptationsofanimals.D．Todiscussthelinkbetweenhumansandanimals.

【答案】

1．B

2．A

3．B

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了仿生学的概念以及两个用到了仿生学的例子。

1．

细节理解题。

根据第三段“Thedesignofthetoucanbillcanbeusedtomakecarsandplanessafer.Studiesshowthatthebeak'sstructurecanabsorbhighenergyimpactsverywell.Carbodypanelsthatmimictoucanbillsmayofferbetterprotectiontomotoristsinvolvedincrashes.（巨嘴鸟喙的设计可以用来使汽车和飞机更安全。

研究表明，喙的结构可以很好地吸收高能冲击。

模仿巨嘴鸟喙的汽车车身面板可能会为驾驶者提供更好的撞车保护）”可知，汽车车身面板复制巨嘴鸟的设计是为了减少对司机的伤害。

故选B。

2．

细节理解题。

根据最后一段“Scientistsbelievethatsharkscalescaninspiredesignsformachinesthatexperiencedrag,suchasairplanes.Designersarealsogettingideasfromsharkscalesfordesigningswimwearandcoatingshipbottoms.（科学家们相信，鲨鱼鳞片可以启发设计那些经受阻力的机器，比如飞机。

设计师们还从鲨鱼鳞片中汲取灵感，设计泳装和船底涂层）”可知，可以使船跑得更快的船底涂层是受到了鲨鱼鳞片的启发。

故选A。

3．

推理判断题。

根据第一段“Alllivingorganismsareuniquelyadaptedtotheenvironmentinwhichtheylive.Scientistsarestudyingthedesignandthebiologicalprocessesoftheseorganismstogetideasforproductsandtechnologies.Thisfieldofstudyiscalledbiomimetics.Herearetwoexamples.（所有的生物都能独特地适应它们所生活的环境。

科学家们正在研究这些生物体的设计和生物过程，为产品和技术提供思路。

这个研究领域被称为仿生学。

这里有两个例子）”结合文章主要介绍仿生学的概念以及两个用到了仿生学的例子。

可推知，这篇文章的目的是举例介绍仿生学。

故选B。

ThesunwasrisingaswedroveacrosstheMinnesotastatelinetoNewYorkformynewPh.D．program.Themovewasgoodformeprofessionally,butIworriedaboutmyhusbandanddaughters.IalsofearedthatIwouldn’tbeabletogivemykidsthechildhoodtheydeserved.

Anne,ourfirstdaughter,cameintotheworldwhenIwasajuniormajoringinbiologyincollege.Itwaschallengingtobalanceclasses,workschedules,andbeingamom.ButIgotthroughit,findingmomentsofjoyalongtheway.OnthenightswhenIwashome,I’dreadmyclassnotesoutloudwithmydaughter.She’drespondbyaskingquestions,suchas“Mom,whatarebacteria?

”Ithelpedusbothlearn.

AfterIgraduated,IknewthatIwouldneedaPh.D．tolandthekindofjobIwanted.IarrivedinNewYorkfeelingmorethantheusualnew-grad-studentanxiety.IalsosufferedfromamorepersonalfearthatIwasbeingselfish—thatmydecisiontoinvigoratemycareerwasgoingtohavelong-termnegativeimpactsonmykids.

Overthepastyear,though,I’vestartedtoletgoofsomeofthisworry.I’verealizedthatwehavenotonlyadaptedtoournewsituation,butthingsaregettingbetter.Myhusbandlandedajobthatheishappywith.Annedreamsofbecomingamarinebiologist.Recently,whiledrivingpastthecancerinstituteIworkat,Annesaid,“Thinkingaboutpeoplehavingcancerissosad,butIfeelbetterknowingthatyouareresearchingittohelp.”

Navigatingacademiaasayoungmotherishard,butit’salsorewarding.Mykidsarelearningtolookattheworldthroughthelensofscience,andwatchingtheirmomsucceedinspiresthem.Ilookforwardtoseeingthemfollowmyfootsteps,whateverpaththeychoose.

4．HowdidthewriterfeelaboutthemoveforherPh.D．program?

A．Itwasfruitfulbutexhausting.B．Itwasthelastthingshewoulddo.

C．Itwashopefulbutchallenging.D．Itwaspromisingforthewholefamily.

5．Whichcanbestreplacetheword“invigorate”inParagraph3?

A．boost.B．change.C．create.D．choose.

6．WhatcouldbeinferredfromAnne’swordsinParagraph4?

A．Peopleareafraidofhavingcancer.B．CancerishealthenemyNo.1.

C．Hermothertakesherjobseriously.D．Anneisproudofhermother.

7．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?

A．OnwardsandUpwardsB．DoubleGainsofMum’sPursuit

C．LikeMotherLikeDaughterD．GenerationGapNarrowedbyLove

【答案】

4．C

5．A

6．D

7．B

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者对学业和家庭的双重追求和收获的故事。

4．

细节理解题。

根据第一段中“Themovewasgoodformeprofessionally,butIworriedaboutmyhusbandanddaughters.IalsofearedthatIwouldn’tbeabletogivemykidsthechildhoodtheydeserved.（搬家对我的职业生涯有好处，但我担心我的丈夫和女儿。

我也担心我不能给我的孩子应有的童年。

）”可知，作者认为因她的博士项目而搬家既是充满希望的，也是具有挑战性的。

故选C项。

5．

词句猜测题。

根据第三段中“AfterIgraduated,IknewthatIwouldneedaPh.D.tolandthekindofjobIwanted.（毕业后，我知道我需要一个博士学位才能得到我想要的工作。

）”可知，作者决定读博士来获得自己想要的工作，由此可知，这个决定是为了促进自己事业发展的，因此猜测划线词invigorate意为“促进，帮助”，可用动词boost替换。

故选A项。

6．

推理判断题。

根据第四段中“Recently,whiledrivingpastthecancerinstituteIworkat,Annesaid,“Thinkingaboutpeoplehavingcancerissosad,butIfeelbetterknowingthatyouareresearchingittohelp.”（最近，当开车经过我工作的癌症研究所时，安妮说：

“想到人们得了癌症让我很难过，但知道你在研究它来帮助他们，我感觉好多了。

”）”可推知，安妮以她的母亲为荣。

故选D项。

7．

主旨大意题。

根据第一段“ThesunwasrisingaswedroveacrosstheMinnesotastatelinetoNewYorkformynewPh.D.program.Themovewasgoodformeprofessionally,butIworriedaboutmyhusbandanddaughters.IalsofearedthatIwouldn’tbeabletogivemykidsthechildhoodtheydeserved.（当我们驱车穿过明尼苏达州的州界去纽约攻读我的新博士学位时，太阳正在升起。

搬家对我的职业生涯有好处，但我担心我的丈夫和女儿。

我也担心我不能给我的孩子应有的童年。

）”，倒数第二段的“Overthepastyear,though,I’vestartedtoletgoofsomeofthisworry.I’verealizedthatwehavenotonlyadaptedtoournewsituation,butthingsaregettingbetter.Myhusbandlandedajobthatheishappywith.Annedreamsofbecomingamarinebiologist.”（然而，在过去的几年里，我已经开始放下这些担忧。

我意识到我们不仅适应了新的环境，而且情况也在好转。

我丈夫找到了一份满意的工作。

安妮梦想成为一名海洋生物学家）和最后一段中“Navigatingacademiaasayoungmotherishard,butit’salsorewarding.（作为一个年轻的母亲，在学术界航行是困难的，但它也有回报。

）”可知，本文主要讲述了作者为了攻读博士学位搬家，但她担心丈夫和孩子不适应新环境。

但最后的结果很好，丈夫找到了新工作，女儿也在她的影响下有了梦想和追求，自己也在工作领域发展得很好。

因此文章的最佳标题是选项B“妈妈追求的双重收获”。

故选B项。

BartonSeaverisachefandconservationistwhowantsourhelptosavetheoceans.Hebelievesthatoureatingchoiceshaveadirectimpactontheocean’shealth.Inthisinterview,Seaverdiscusseshowindividualscanmakeabigdifferencebymakinginformedchoices.

Q:

Shouldpeoplestopeatingseafood?

A:

Therearecertainspeciesthathavebeenoverfishedandthatpeopleshoulddefinitelyavoid.ButIdon’tthinkweneedtostopeatingseafoodaltogether.Ibelievethatwecansavetheoceanswhilecontinuingtoenjoyseafood.Forexample,sometypesofseafood,comefromwell-managedfisheries.Andothers,suchasfarmedmusselsandoysters,actuallyhelptorestoredecliningwildpopulationsandcleanuppollutedwaters.

Q:

Whatkindofseafoodshouldpeopleeat?

Whatshouldtheynoteat?

A:

Mygeneraladviceistoeatfishandshellfishthatareloweronthefoodchainandthatcanbeharvestedwithlittleimpactontheenvironment.Someexamplesincludefarmedclamsandoystersanchovies,sardines,andherring.Peopleshouldnoteatthebiggerfishofthesea,liketuna,shark,andswordfish.Otherwise,wewillfacesevereshortagesofthesespeciesandupsetthebalanceoflifeintheoceans.

Q:

Whydidyouchoosetodedicateyourlifetotheocean?

A:

Ibelievethatthenextgreatadvanceinhumanknowledgewillcomefromlearninghowwerelatetoournaturalworld.Ihavededicatedmyselftohelpingpeopleunderstandourplaceonthisplanetthroughthefoodsthatweeat.

Q:

Whydoyoubelievepeopleshouldcareaboutthehealthoftheoceans?

A:

Thehealthoftheoceansisdirectlylinkedtothehealthofpeople.Theoceanprovidesmostoftheairthatwebreathe.Ithasabigeffectontheweather.Italsoprovidesanecessaryandvitaldietforbillionsofpeopleontheplanet.SoIamindeedtryingtosavethevitalthingsthatwerelyontheoceanfor.

8．WhichstatementmightBartonSeaveragreewith?

A．Fishfarmingis