动名词.docx

1、动名词动名词动名词的作用 ：动名词是一种非谓语动词形式。它是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，动名词具有名词的性质，但同时又保留了动词的功能，仍可以带宾语或状语。动名词与其宾语或状语一起构成动名词短语。动名词(短语)在句中具有名词的作用，作主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）、表语和同位语，一般表示：笼统或泛指的意思；抽象或经常性动作；已成为过去的动作。1、作主语，谓语用单数形式：Checking the information is very important. 核实情况非常重要。Knowing is one thing；doing is another. 知是一回事，做又是另一回事

2、。Waving ones hand is to say “Goodbye”. 摆手表示“再见”。Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌。注动名词作主语的特殊情况（必须背下来）动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 It was hard gettin

3、g on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。 Its no use waiting. There wont be another bus. 等也没有用，再也没有车了。Its no good/use having a car if you cant drive. 如果你不会开车，有车也没有用。动名词也可用于There is no句型中，语气较强：Theres no jokin

4、g about such matters. 这种事开不得半点玩笑。There is a professor visiting our school tomorrow.2、作宾语：动名词在句中作宾语，有下列情况：【1】在admit; appreciate; avoid; be worth; burst out; cant bear; cant help（忍不住、情不自禁）; cant stand; consider; deny; delay; enjoy; escape; excuse; feel like; forgive; give up; look forward to; imagine;

5、 insist on; keep (on); mind; miss; postpone; practise; prevent/keep/stop sb. from; put off; risk; set about; succeed in; suggest; understand等动词和动词词组之后必须用动名词，表示一般的情况或习惯：I delayed answering you because of the pressure of the work. 我因工作忙而没有及时答复你。Would you mind filling out this form?请填一下这张表好吗? Maori fam

6、ilies enjoy sharing what they own and looking after one another. 毛利人的家庭喜欢共享他们拥有的东西，并乐意彼此照顾。I dont feel like going to the theatre tonight. 今晚我不想去看戏。He avoided giving us a definite answer. 他避免给我们一个肯定回答。You must stop her telling the truth. 你必须不让她说出真相来。I really cant help getting excited when I see him.

7、看到他时我真忍不住激动的心情。Have you considered taking an evening English course?你是否在考虑上英语晚班?My wife suggested spending the weekend with her parents. 我妻子建议和她父母一块过周末。He has finished mending the car. 他已经修完了汽车了。Im sorry I missed seeing you while in Beijing. 很遗憾，在北京时我没看到你。Three girls from the College of Education pr

8、actised teaching at our schoo1. 教育学院的三个女生在我们学校实习。He kept nodding as he listened. 他听着时不断点头。Well keep on working hard on his advice. 我们将遵循他的意见，继续努力工作。Have you decided to give up smoking?你下决心戒烟了吗？You were lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 你真幸运，逃脱了惩罚。He looked about ready to burst out crying. 看

9、上去他憋不住马上就要哭出来了。Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟。 She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮。3、作定语：动名词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰名词的用途：a sleeping car一节卧车；a dancing hall一间舞厅；drinking water饮用水；a swimming poola pool for swimming游泳池；a writing deska desk for writing写字台；a reading rooma room for reading阅览室；working

10、 methodsmethods for working工作方法 She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。注现在分词用作定语修饰名词则表示该名词正在进行的动作或存在状态：a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子；a dancing girl一个正在跳舞的女孩；a drinking horse正在饮水的马 动名词作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的

11、任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Her job is teaching. 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。如：His coming made m

12、e very happy. Marys crying annoyed him. She didnt mind his crying. Is there any hope of Xiao Wangs winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out. 动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。 动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义，而现在分词作定语表达 n+which (who) be doing的含义。 如：a sleep

13、ing car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词 动名词的几个特殊情况： 【1】有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以它们的具体含义有时还不一样。【2】begin; start; continue;等动词接动名词或动词不定式作宾语意义没有区别：注当begin或start的主语是物而不是人时；当begin或start为进行时态时；当作宾语的动词表示思想、感情或意念等心理状态时；表示不以人的意志为转移的动作时，后接动词不定式而不接动名词：It be

14、gan to rain. 天开始下雨了。He is beginning to realize that he had made a mistake. 他正开始意识到他犯了一个错误。She began to understand what they meant. 她开始理解他们的意思。【3】在dislike; hate; like; love等动词接动名词或不定式作宾语意义有一定区别，动名词表示一般情况或概念性的内容，不定式指某一具体行为。如：He likes seeing films. 他喜欢看电影。Would you like to go to the cinema with me?你愿和我

15、去看一场电影吗？【4】下列动词接动名词或不定式意义差别很大：（1）need，want，require+doing= + to be doneThe bike wants/needs repairing/to be repaired. 这自行车需要修理。（2）mean接动名词表示“意味着”，接不定式表示“打算”：What he said meant hiring more workers. 他的意思是再雇一些工人。Missing the train means waiting an hour. 误了那次火车意味着要等一个小时。I meant no harm. I only meant to he

16、lp you. 我没有恶意，我只是想帮助你。（3）forget; remember; regret等动词接动名词表示动作已发生，接不定式表示该不定式的动作尚未发生：Remember to post the letter for me. 记得给我把信寄走。Dont forget to lock the bike. 别忘了把车锁上。I shall always remember meeting you for the first time. 我将永远记得初次同你会面的情景。（4）stop接动名词表示“停止正在做的事”，接不定式表示“停下来去做某事”：（5）try接动名词表示“试试做某事”，接不定式

17、表示“努力去做某事”：Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 如果前门无人应声，你敲后门试试看。Try to finish the work in a week. 设法在一周内把这工作做完。（6）advise，allow，forbid，permit之后用动名词作宾语，用不定式作宾语补足语：即。 Advise doing, advise sb to do sth Allow doing , allow sb to do sth.Teachers doesnt allow talking in cla

18、ss. 老师不允许（我们）在课上随便交谈。We dont allow people to smoke here. 这里禁止人们吸烟。【5】介词(but除外)后面的动词一律用动名词形式：On hearing a cry for help，we rushed out of the room. 一听到呼救声，我们就冲出屋子。The most important thing in learning a language is using the language. 语言学习最重要的事是使用语言。She is interested in doing chemical experiments. 她喜欢做化

19、学实验。Buying magazines is a good way of finding out information. 买杂志是查找资料的好办法。What about going to France this summer?夏天到法国去怎么样？Gandhi was thrown off a train and later a mail bus for insisting on travelling in the whites-only section. 甘地在旅行时，由于坚持要坐在白人座位区，曾经先后两次被人从一列火车和一辆邮车上扔了下去。I stayed in bed all day

20、instead of going to work. 我没去上班，而是在床上躺了一整天。Shes got a cleaning job at night，as well as working during the day. 她不但白天工作，晚上还当清洁工。注but与no，not any，all等词连用时为介词，但其后面的动词不用动名词，而用不定式，不定式带to还是不带to要根据but前面有没有do，does或did，如有，则不要带to，反之，则带to,这是介词中的一个特殊情况：She could do nothing but cry. 她别无办法，只能哭。动名词的时态： )动名词的构成形式：动名

21、词由动词原形加-ing形式构成，与现在分词同形。有被动式和完成式。主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。 I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 Do you remember having promised me that? 你记得给我许愿了吗？ 动名词的被动形式：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。 His bei

22、ng looked down upon made him sick. 他被人冷落使他很伤感。 动名词的几个特殊情况： 1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以它们的具体含义有时还不一样。能跟动名词的动词有 avoid,consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help 等。 能跟不定式的动词有 decide, desir

23、e, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage 等。能跟动名词和不定式的动词有 love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start 等. 动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式

24、。 I like to go with you. 我想和你一块儿去。 I like reading. 我喜欢阅读。 2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。 I remember meeting him in the street. 我记得在街上见过他。 I remember to write a letter to my parents. 我想起来要给我父母亲写信。 3) stop + 动名词 表示停止动名词所表示的动作， stop + 不定式表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。 Stop smoking

25、, please. 请不要抽烟 。 Lets stop to have a rest. 咱们停下来休息一下吧。动名词练习题动名词部分1.No one enjoys at.A. laughingB. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house .A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted onanother chance t

26、o try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4.Where is my passport? I rememberit here.You shouldnt have left it here. Rememberit with you all the time.A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs, so he must have it.A. painting； paintedB. painted

27、； paintingC. painting； painting D. painted； painted 6.After finishing his homework he went ona letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7.The young trees we planted last week requirewith great care.A. looking afterB. to look after C. to be looked afterD. taken good care of 8.On

28、lyEnglish doesnt meanthe language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something.A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herselfthe problem of old age.A. t

29、o study B. studying C. to studying D. study 11.Rememberthe newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 12.As she is looking forward to_ from me, please remember_ this letter on your way to school. A. hear；post B. hearing；to post C. be heard；posting

30、D. be hearing；to posting 13.Grandma said that she had a lot of troubleyour handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing 14.Writing stories and articleswhat I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.We appreciateus to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite C. their inviting D. being inv

31、ited 16.Would you mindquiet for a moment? Im tryinga form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 17.He was afraidfor being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seenD. to have seen 18.Id like to suggestthe meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. t