1、高考英语专题十四 语篇型填空第四部分语法知识应用专题十四语篇型填空挖命题【考情探究】五年考情统计考点卷名谓语动词非谓语动词形容词、副词名数、数词冠词代词介词、动词短语复合句及其他2018课标132101112017课标222110112016课标121211112015课标222101112014课标11411002合计7101163346分析解读1.近五年高考语篇型填空所选文章以说明文为主。谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词或副词、名词和复合句是历年命题的重点,冠词、代词、介词或动词短语所占比例较小,但在复习中也要重视。2.建议在备考过程中注意以下两点:(1)突出对重点语法的复习和训练,根据高考题
2、总结高频考点,熟练掌握应对每一个考点的常用方法;(2)完成试题后,大声朗读原文,不断品味挖空特点,加深对高考命题的理解。【真题典例】真题再现阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years61(long)than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be
3、overweight and still reduce your risk of63(die)early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it64(be)more effective at lengthening life65walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere
4、five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to68(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉
5、),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always69(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give70a try.While running regularly cant make you live forever为让
6、步状语从句,后面的句子为主句。在主句中it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming为宾语从句,作says的宾语。【重点词汇】review n. (报纸或杂志的)评论(文章)reduce the/ones risk of降低的风险from all causes由各种原因引起give.a try试一试高效解题一、无提示词第65题:than本题考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为“比”。第66题:that/which本题考查定语
7、从句。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。第70题:it/running设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it指代上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。二、有提示词第61题:longer本题考查比较级。根据题干中的than可知设空处需用比较级形式, 故填longer。第62题:to see本题考查
8、非谓语动词。由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。第63题:dying本题考查非谓语动词。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。第64题:is本题考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句在介绍一种理论,需用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。第67题:causes本题考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知设空处填名词的复数形式,故填causes。第68题:strengthen本题考查词性转换。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号t
9、o后填名词strength的动词形式strengthen。第69题:energetic本题考查词性转换。设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填energy的形容词形式energetic。命题形式语篇型填空的命题形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。考查内容考查范围覆盖考纲规定的大部分内容,考点主要包括谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词和复合句。同时也会涉及冠词、代词、介词和固定搭配等考点。审题指导1.通读全文,了解文意。本文主要介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。2.通过阅读全文,大致了解设空处所涉及的语法点。炼技法【方法集训】有提示词1.In 1962, Rachel Carsonh
10、9011;s best-selling book “Silent Spring” created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药). 答案awareness2.Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years, but(express)from them have entered various languages. 答案expressions3.The WHO announced, in 2014, a plan to fight obes
11、ity and invited governments to encourage its citizens to adopt a (sense)diet and to take some exercise. 答案sensible4.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu, as well as his hope that the Queen would appreciate traditional Chinese culture. 答案himself5.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at wor
12、k, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of (great) and less importance. 答案greater6.Chinas Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(remain)the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years. 答案will remain7.A museum has managed to draw in lots of visitors to learn about
13、 a century-old duck recipe. It(build)for the public to understand the brands culture. 答案was built8.When they destroy a farmers crops, the farmer must(pay) compensation. 答案be paid9.The museum, (locate)next to the Wuzhen scenic spot, covers an area of 5,000 square meters. 答案located
14、10.There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something(see)or do. 答案to see11.I felt hopeless and alone, and more(depress) than I knew was possible. 答案depressed12.(compare)with the western medicines high fees, TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can affo
15、rd. 答案Compared13.My friends here usually take my likes and dislikes into consideration when (order), and I do the same for them. 答案ordering14.(see) the news of its return to Yiwu,Jins mother encouraged him to write about it and then send the letter to Queen Elizabeth. 答案Seeing15.The announ
16、cement was presented as a letter (write)by the couple to their new baby girl, Max. 答案written16.In my mind, theyre helping us to become calm and consider(win)and solving real problems as well. 答案winning17.It took a lot of financial resources and time (create) the lake, which is enough to ir
17、rigate(灌溉) the whole farm. 答案to create18.Prices for celebrity answers also increased with more people (ask) questions online. 答案asking无提示词1.What all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, you went for the best cups and then began looking at each others cups. 答案but/yet2.As to acute s
18、tomachache, there is no need to have an operation;all you need to do is drinking a cup of Chinese herbs, the western way takes more time and money. 答案while3.There are many good websitesyou can check out the latest in the science world. 答案where4.Another saying which has come from the fable is “God he
19、lps thosehelp themselves”. 答案who5.was most difficult was that in order to realize this dream, I needed to find an existent caf that wasnt doing well. 答案What6.Its possible that one way out could be blocked by fire or smoke, so youll want to know_ other ones are. 答案where7
20、.Actually, children learn violent behavior from adults or from they see on television or on the Internet. 答案what8. there are many positive developments associated with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. 答案While/Though/Although9.The song “A Little Bit Longer” by Nick Jonas is an
21、 emotional and inspiring song that whenever I hear it, I always come close to dropping down tears. 答案such10.Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to itjust keeping buildings from falling down. 答案than11.Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and has put
22、to good use since then, saving dozens of old tree stumps(树桩)from being removed by turning them into impressive works of art. 答案it12.Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in. 答案it13.As you know, science plays very important role in our education. 答案a14.The Internet i
23、s an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as investigative tool. 答案an15.Table tennis is a fast, demanding sport and has most players of all sports in the world. 答案the16.Guan Zhengwen, chief director of the show, considers written Chinese the root of China
24、;s cultural heritage. 答案as17.Apartthe cold, thin air and low oxygen levels also can cause mountain sickness. 答案from18.According to SCMP, the so-called “four new great inventions” were basedlast years research conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. 答案on过专题【五年高考】A组山东省卷、课标卷题组Passage 1
25、(2018课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country1(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over2past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is3(actual)behind the change
26、: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice4(improve)water quality. Corn uses less water5rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased6(pol
27、lute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total7(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government8(start) a soil-te
28、sting program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while10(feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for
29、 agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.答案1.has grown2.the3.actually4.to improve5.than6.pollution7.global8.started9.that/which10.feedingPassage 2(2018课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure1is more frightened, me or the female gorilla
30、(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at2top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the3(
31、loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid4(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel5(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a6(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching7these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorilla
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