高考英语专题十四语篇型填空.docx

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高考英语专题十四语篇型填空.docx

高考英语专题十四语篇型填空

第四部分 语法知识应用

专题十四 语篇型填空

挖命题

【考情探究】

五年考情统计

   考点

卷名   

谓语动词

非谓语动词

形容词、副词

名数、数词

冠词

代词

介词、动词短语

复合句及其他

2018课标Ⅰ

1

3

2

1

0

1

1

1

2017课标Ⅰ

2

2

2

1

1

0

1

1

2016课标Ⅰ

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

2015课标Ⅰ

2

2

2

1

0

1

1

1

2014课标Ⅰ

1

1

4

1

1

0

0

2

合计

7

10

11

6

3

3

4

6

分析解读  1.近五年高考语篇型填空所选文章以说明文为主。

谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词或副词、名词和复合句是历年命题的重点,冠词、代词、介词或动词短语所占比例较小,但在复习中也要重视。

2.建议在备考过程中注意以下两点:

(1)突出对重点语法的复习和训练,根据高考题总结高频考点,熟练掌握应对每一个考点的常用方法;

(2)完成试题后,大声朗读原文,不断品味挖空特点,加深对高考命题的理解。

【真题典例】

真题再现

  阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears 61 (long)thannon-runners.Youdon􀆳thavetorunfastorforlong 62 (see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof 63 (die)earlybyrunning. 

Whilerunningregularlycan􀆳tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit 64 (be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife 65 walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 66 showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall 67 (cause). 

Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it􀆳sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto 68 (strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit􀆳salways 69 (energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive 70 atry. 

Whilerunningregularlycan􀆳tmakeyouliveforever为让步状语从句,后面的句子为主句。

在主句中itismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming为宾语从句,作says的宾语。

 

【重点词汇】reviewn.(报纸或杂志的)评论(文章) reducethe/one􀆳sriskof降低……的风险 fromallcauses由各种原因引起 give...atry试一试……

高效解题

一、无提示词

第65题:

than 本题考查介词。

根据题干中的“moreeffective”可知设空处需填介词than,意为“比”。

第66题:

that/which 本题考查定语从句。

先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:

Thestudyshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseand...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。

第70题:

it/running 设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it指代上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。

二、有提示词

第61题:

longer 本题考查比较级。

根据题干中的than可知设空处需用比较级形式,故填longer。

第62题:

tosee 本题考查非谓语动词。

由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式tosee。

第63题:

dying 本题考查非谓语动词。

介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。

第64题:

is 本题考查主谓一致和时态。

设空处所在从句在介绍一种理论,需用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。

第67题:

causes 本题考查名词的“数”。

cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知设空处填名词的复数形式,故填causes。

第68题:

strengthen 本题考查词性转换。

设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填名词strength的动词形式strengthen。

第69题:

energetic 本题考查词性转换。

设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填energy的形容词形式energetic。

命题形式

语篇型填空的命题形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。

考查内容

考查范围覆盖考纲规定的大部分内容,考点主要包括谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词和复合句。

同时也会涉及冠词、代词、介词和固定搭配等考点。

审题指导

1.通读全文,了解文意。

本文主要介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。

2.通过阅读全文,大致了解设空处所涉及的语法点。

炼技法

【方法集训】

有提示词

1.In1962,RachelCarson􀆳sbest-sellingbook“SilentSpring”createdan   (aware)ofthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(农药). 

答案 awareness

2.Notonlyhavethefablesthemselveslivedfornearly1,500years,but   (express)fromthemhaveenteredvariouslanguages. 

答案 expressions

3.TheWHOannounced,in2014,aplantofightobesityandinvitedgovernmentstoencourageitscitizenstoadopta   (sense)dietandtotakesomeexercise. 

答案 sensible

4.Inhisletter,Jinintroduced   (he)andYiwu,aswellashishopethattheQueenwouldappreciatetraditionalChineseculture. 

答案 himself

5.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof   (great)andlessimportance. 

答案 greater

6.China􀆳sFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalRadioTelescope   (remain)thegloballeaderforthenext10to20years. 

答案 willremain

7.Amuseumhasmanagedtodrawinlotsofvisitorstolearnaboutacentury-oldduckrecipe.It   (build)forthepublictounderstandthebrand􀆳sculture. 

答案 wasbuilt

8.Whentheydestroyafarmer􀆳scrops,thefarmermust   (pay)compensation. 

答案 bepaid

9.Themuseum,   (locate)nexttotheWuzhenscenicspot,coversanareaof5,000squaremeters. 

答案 located

10.Therearealwayslotsofpeopleinthestreet,andthereisalwayssomething   (see)ordo. 

答案 tosee

11.Ifelthopelessandalone,andmore   (depress)thanIknewwaspossible. 

答案 depressed

12.   (compare)withthewesternmedicine􀆳shighfees,TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford. 

答案 Compared

13.Myfriendshereusuallytakemylikesanddislikesintoconsiderationwhen   (order),andIdothesameforthem. 

答案 ordering

14.   (see)thenewsofitsreturntoYiwu,Jin􀆳smotherencouragedhimtowriteaboutitandthensendthelettertoQueenElizabethⅡ. 

答案 Seeing

15.Theannouncementwaspresentedasaletter   (write)bythecoupletotheirnewbabygirl,Max. 

答案 written

16.Inmymind,they􀆳rehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider   (win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell. 

答案 winning

17.Ittookalotoffinancialresourcesandtime   (create)thelake,whichisenoughtoirrigate(灌溉)thewholefarm. 

答案 tocreate

18.Pricesforcelebrityanswersalsoincreasedwithmorepeople   (ask)questionsonline. 

答案 asking

无提示词

1.Whatallofyoureallywantedwascoffee,notthecup,   youwentforthebestcupsandthenbeganlookingateachother􀆳scups. 

答案 but/yet

2.Astoacutestomachache,thereisnoneedtohaveanoperation;allyouneedtodoisdrinkingacupofChineseherbs,   thewesternwaytakesmoretimeandmoney. 

答案 while

3.Therearemanygoodwebsites   youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld. 

答案 where

4.Anothersayingwhichhascomefromthefableis“Godhelpsthose   helpthemselves”. 

答案 who

5.   wasmostdifficultwasthatinordertorealizethisdream,Ineededtofindanexistentcaféthatwasn􀆳tdoingwell. 

答案 What

6.It􀆳spossiblethatonewayoutcouldbeblockedbyfireorsmoke,soyou􀆳llwanttoknow_____   otheronesare. 

答案 where

7.Actually,childrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom   theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet. 

答案 what

8.   therearemanypositivedevelopmentsassociatedwiththeInternet,therearealsocertainfearsandconcerns. 

答案 While/Though/Although

9.Thesong“ALittleBitLonger”byNickJonasis   anemotionalandinspiringsongthatwheneverIhearit,Ialwayscomeclosetodroppingdowntears. 

答案 such

10.Earthquakesafetyisveryimportantandthereismoretoit   justkeepingbuildingsfromfallingdown. 

答案 than

11.GabiRizeaonlydiscoveredhistalentforwoodcarvingthreeyearsago,andhasput   togoodusesincethen,savingdozensofoldtreestumps(树桩)frombeingremovedbyturningthemintoimpressiveworksofart. 

答案 it

12.Datingsitesalsomake   easytoavoidsomeonewhoyouarenotinterestedin. 

答案 it

13.Asyouknow,scienceplays   veryimportantroleinoureducation. 

答案 a

14.TheInternetisanamazinginformationresource.Students,teachers,andresearchersuseitas   investigativetool. 

答案 an

15.Tabletennisisafast,demandingsportandhas   mostplayersofallsportsintheworld. 

答案 the

16.GuanZhengwen,chiefdirectoroftheshow,considerswrittenChinese   therootofChina􀆳sculturalheritage. 

答案 as

17.Apart   thecold,thinairandlowoxygenlevelsalsocancausemountainsickness. 

答案 from

18.AccordingtoSCMP,theso-called“fournewgreatinventions”werebased   lastyear􀆳sresearchconductedbytheSilkRoadResearchInstitute. 

答案 on

过专题

【五年高考】

A组 山东省卷、课标卷题组

Passage1(2018课标全国Ⅱ)

  阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry 1 (grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover 2 past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent. 

Atasteformeatis 3 (actual)behindthechange:

Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn􀆳srise:

Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice 4 (improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater 5 riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)run-off.Thisswitchhasdecreased 6 (pollute)inthecountry􀆳smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople. 

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal 7 (globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment 8 (start)asoil-testingprogram 9 givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China􀆳sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile 10 (feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank􀆳sJuergenVoegele. 

答案

1.hasgrown

2.the

3.actually

4.toimprove

5.than

6.pollution

7.global

8.started

9.that/which

10.feeding

Passage2(2018课标全国Ⅲ)

  阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I􀆳mnotsure 1 ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I􀆳mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I􀆳mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat 2 topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe 3 (loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid 4 (look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn􀆳tfeel 5 (challenge). 

MynameisMireyaMayor.I􀆳ma 6 (science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching 7 thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI􀆳dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried. 

Whenthegorilla

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