小升初教案学生用书.docx

1、小升初教案学生用书 目 录*音标.i*voa慢速英语.ii*语法.iii*阅读理解.iv*完形填空.v*写作.vi*测试.vii 音标剑桥国际英语语音教程（每日一练） 听力Voa慢速英语（每日一听） 语法初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法。一、初一英语语法词法1、名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和

2、复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,

3、 boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, sh

4、orts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper

5、纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mic

6、e, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间（共

7、住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称 单数 she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数 they them t

8、heir theirs these those themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, sta

9、ys, enjoys, buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,

10、 practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后

11、加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happie

12、st, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthes

13、t5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like

14、this. (实义动词)d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go

15、and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否

16、定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is we

17、ll/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7

18、:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)?

19、Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the

20、 box.13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1一般现在时： 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状

21、态,或说明主语的特征。（1）一般现在时的构成：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加“-s”或“-es”。（2）一般现在时的用法：表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间状语：表示频度的副词always，often，usually，sometimes等。on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等时间状语。once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。如：He gets up at fiv

22、e oclock every day. He often plays football.2 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如： The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)3 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) 在时间状语从句

23、中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了)

24、 / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.2、一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth来表示）1 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in

25、1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等。 when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning. When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father.He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)2

26、表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young.3 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer preferred, fix fix

27、ed, mix mixed3、一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, in+一段时间; when/ after等引导的状语从句的主句中。I will call you when my mother comes back.用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称。“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this sc

28、hool soon.表示有礼貌地询问对面是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。（不用be going to）Will you please lend me your bike?表示意愿时。（不用be going to）We will help him if he asks us. 如果他请我们，我们愿意帮助他。表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。（不用be going to）The sun will rise at 6：30. 太阳将在6：30升起。“be going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。Its going t

29、o rain soon.(天快要下雨了)现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词，表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？) Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) “be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示按照计划即将发生的动作。如：Tom told her that he was (about) to go abroad.4、现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。(1) 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。(2）现在进行时的用法表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, look, listen, at the moment等连用。What are you doing? Im reading E