四级作文的结构和模式.docx

1、四级作文的结构和模式四级作文的结构与模式1、 问题解决型问题解决型作文通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。结构模式：第一段：导言。描述现状、形式、苦难，提出问题。第二段：方法。列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径。第三段：评价、建议或个人选择。针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并简述理由。属于该模块的四级真题：How I overcome difficulties in learning English.Getting to know the world outside the campu

2、s？How I finance my college education.How to succeed in a job interview本题型的写作重点在“how”,即解决办法。请看范文:How to eliminate fake diplomasIt is reported that flooding of fake diplomas is becoming a serious problem recently. When employers lay much emphasis on their candidates education background，different kind

3、s of fake diplomas appear in society. It is unfair that one fails to get his job just because his rival has produced a fake diploma or certificate. Therefore, fake diplomas do obvious harm to the job market and fair competition between candidates. Many ways can contribute to solving this serious pro

4、blem，but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, companies universities should have a close contact so that the fake diplomas cannot play tricks. Besides, the one who fabricates the fake diplomas should be severely punished by law and totally exposed through media. Finally, the one w

5、ho uses a fake diploma in finding jobs should be disqualified from the job market for at least three months. That may give a lesson to others.These are not the best and the only three measures we can take, but it should be noted that we should take effective measures to eliminate the fake diploma an

6、d do everyone justice.2、 原因说明型原因说明型作文通常先提出某个新的社会现象、变化、问题，要求考生分析该现象或变化产生的根源，并给与评论。该模块包括图表作文。结构模式：第一段：导言。描述现象、问题或变化（图表作文中，不要罗列数据，要重视数据变化，将数据分析回归后，在做归纳性阐述。第二段：原因分析。运用因果法和列举法论述其中的原因或根源。第三段：评述或预测。对该对象、问题或变化进行简单的利弊评述或发展预测。属于该模块的四级真题：Changes in peoples diet.The world is getting smaller and smaller.Student

7、use of computers.本题型的写作重点在“why”，即原因阐述。请看范文：A boom in fast foodWhile the rhythm of peoples life is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in peoples dietary habit. Fast food restaurants such as McDonalds, Kentucky, Timmys and the like are mushrooming everywhere and fast food is rapidly gainin

8、g its popularity all over the country.There are several reasons why more and more people like to have fast food. Firstly, it can save time. A hamburger-lunch takes us no more than twenty minutes. We can even have it while working. For those salarymen, who believe in the saying that time is money, fa

9、st food is an ideal choice. Secondly, it is convenient. It is so simple to make that it can be made in wholesale to cater to the needs of more people. Thirdly, it is cheap in terms of price when compared with the food in Chinese restaurants. It is also noted for its high quality food, good sanitary

10、condition and first-rate service.The boom of fast food industry shows that it is popular, especially with the young generation. With fast food, people may have more spare time to reduce the pressure from work and life. It can also free people from the burden of housework. All in all, it suits the ta

11、stes of some people.范文2：The changes in Chinese professionsAs is shown in the charts, more than half of the Chinese were engaged in agriculture in the 1980s, about twenty-seven percent were employed in manufacturing, while only one-fifth were working in the service industry. However, only 10 years la

12、ter, in the 1990s, great changes have occurred in the professional pattern in china, with a great increase in the people involved both in manufacturing and service and a corresponding shrinkage in agricultural population.These dramatic changes can be explained by the traditional theory about a primi

13、tive economy. However, there are various other reasons for these changes. The most likely explanation is that the changes show the effects of more efficient farming and increased urbanization as a result of Chinas open-door and economic reform policies. Besides, typical of china, a great number of f

14、armers are now working in various small businesses without leaving their homes, which accounts mainly for the increase in manufacturing population. Again the economic policies result in an immense improvement in the Chinese peoples living standard, which creates a huge demand for service and thus en

15、ables the service industries to flourish and absorbs more and more people into these fields.These changes signify the great achievements china has made. And they also mark a great leap forward on its way towards becoming a worlds economic power.3、 利弊分析型利弊分析型作文通常要求考生就某一事物或社会现象的利与弊进行分析、阐述，最后以个人评论或观点为结

16、论。一般利弊分析型结构模式:第一段：导言+优点。简述事物或现象并列举说明其优点。第二段：缺点。列举说明其弊端（注意以表转折的过渡词引导）。第三段：简要评论利弊关系或简述个人体会。属于该模块的四级真题：Positive and negative aspects of sports本题型的写作重点在“advantages & disadvantages”，即利弊论述。请看范文：The positive and negative effects of computersIt is generally accepted that computers benefit human beings in ma

17、ny ways. But they have also caused many problems. Apparently, computers have both advantages and disadvantages.Computers are being used more and more widely in the world today for the simplest reason that they are far more efficient than human beings. Computers have much better memories and can stor

18、e huge amounts of information, and they can do calculations in a fraction of the time taken by a human mathematician. In fact，computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can pay wages, reserve seats on a place, control machines in factories, work out tomorrows weather，and

19、even play chess, write poetry, or compose music. Nowadays, it is very convenient and economical to do anything on the internet, such as sending or receiving Email，shopping，advertising，making friends，and entertaining. The globe will be like an office or home. This is the unprecedented charm of the co

20、mputer. In short, computers have been making the whole world much more advanced and civilized than ever before.However, computers have been creating many problems. Firstly, viruses arise frequently, bringing great troubles to many people. Secondly, some computer “experts” make huge amount of money b

21、y cheating a computer system, and they are very difficult to catch. What is more, some people transmit pornographic information or pictures on the internet, which is harmful to young people.Despite their disadvantages, computers have brought us far more benefits than troubles.利弊分析型的作文还包括两种变体题型，即只单纯进

22、行好坏分析或只单纯进行危害分析。在这两种题型写作中，结构模式有所调整：优点分析型结构模式：第一段：导言+优点综述第二段：优点1第三段:优点2+结论属于该模块的四级真题：Advantages of job interviewHarmfulness of fake commodities请看范文：The advantages of planning for successEveryone hopes for success in life, but not everyone can succeed, even after years of hard work. So what is the bes

23、t way to increase our chances of success？ Is it to take every risk or chance that comes along and hope for the best? Some people certainly do achieve success this way, but they are rate. As a matter of fact, our chances of succeeding are much greater if we carefully plan for our success.Planning for

24、 success is beneficial to us in several ways. For one thing, by planning we can clearly identify our goals and the steps we must take to achieve them. If we dont know what we want to achieve, we are unlikely to make much progress. Planning also helps us keep our goal in mind and, thus, keep working

25、toward it. Another benefit of careful planning is that we will not miss any opportunities or deadlines due to carelessness or inattention. Finally, by planning for our success, we will be sure to develop the skills and knowledge we need to achieve our goals. Opportunity will do us no good if we lack

26、 the ability to take advantages of it arrives.In conclusion, although a certain amount of risk taking can help one to achieve success, it cannot replace the benefits of careful planning. Rather than speed our time looking for shortcuts to success, we should think about our goals carefully and take t

27、he proper steps toward achieving them. In that way, we will have the greatest chances of success. 危害分析型结构模式：第一段:导言。简述某一问题的现状。第二段：陈述原因或危害。列举问题起因或危害性。第三段：解决方案。属于该模块的四级真题：Global shortage of fresh waterHarmfulness of fake commodities请看范文：Drug takingIn recent years, drug taking is more and more popular i

28、n china. It has spread from the coast to the inland, from cities to the country-ride. The victims include people of all ages and recently drugs have found their way to schools and are carrying away more and more teenagers.Drug taking has a lot of ill effects on our society. Those who take drug alway

29、s drain their precious wealth，ruin their health and finally desert their family. Furthermore, to get money for drugs, some drug addicts often have to resort to stealing and robbing and thus reduce themselves.To solve this problem, I think, government at all levels should set up special hospitals to

30、cure drug addicts and impost more severe punishment on drug dealers. They should also do everything to make the public aware of the harmfulness of drugs and drug-taking. Only by a joint effort between the government and the public can this problem be solved efficiently.4、 观点对比型观点对比型作文可以被视为利弊分析型作文的变体

31、，因为这种类型的作文的实质同样是进行利弊分析，不同之处在于它不是直接陈述利弊，而是借用阐述人们针对某一事物或现象所持的对立观点的形式表述出来的。结构模式：第一段：（导言）+观点A。提出问题，阐明甲方观点及理由。第二段：观点B。阐明乙方观点及理由。第三段：我的观点。属于该模块的四级真题：Is failure a bad thing?Can money buy happiness？Do lucky numbers really bring luck?Is a test of spoken English necessary?本题型的写作重点在以对比方式展开两种对立观点。请看范文：Is money

32、all powerful?Money is considered by some people to be the most important thing in life. They think that the majority of the material things in our daily life have to be bought with money and that if they have money, they can make themselves very comfortable by having a fine house to live in, beautiful clothes to wear and delicious food to eat.But others dont believe that money can buy everything. Take time and health for example. Many people regret having lost their time, and no matter how m