岩土专业英语.docx

1、岩土专业英语Part 1 General words岩土工程Geotechnicalengineering基础工程Foundation engineering 土soil ,earth土力学soil mechanics 周期荷载cyclic loading 再加载reloading粘弹性地基viscoelasticfoundation 粘滞阻尼viscous damping 剪切模量shear modulus 土动力学soil dynamics 应力路径stress path Part 2 Types of soil残积土residual soil 地下水groundwater 地下水位gro

2、undwater level /groundwater table 粘土矿物clay minerals 次生矿物secondary minerals 滑坡landslide 钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 工程地质勘察engineering geologic investigation 漂石boulder 卵石cobble 砂石gravel 砾砂gravelly sand 粗砂coarse sand 中砂medium sand 细砂fine sand 粉土siltysand 粘性土clayey soil 粘土clay粉质粘土siltyclay 砂质粉土sandy

3、 silt 粘质粉土clayey silt 饱和土saturated soil 非饱和土unsaturated soil 填土filled soil Part 3Permeability and seepage达西定律Darcys law 管涌piping 流土flowing soil 砂沸sand boiling 流网flow net 渗流seepage 渗漏leakage 渗透压力seepage (force) pressure 渗透性permeability 水力梯度hydraulic gradient 渗透系数coefficient of permeability Part 4 Def

4、ormation and stress of foundation软土soft soil 打入桩（负）摩阻力(negative) skin friction of driven pile 有效应力effective stress 总应力total stress 十字板抗剪强度field vane shear strength 低活性low activity 灵敏度sensitivity 三轴试验triaxialtest 基础设计foundation design 再压缩recompaction 承载力bearing capacity 土体soil mass 接触压力contact pressu

5、re 集中荷载concentrated load 半无限弹性体a semi-infinite elastic solid 均质homogeneous 各向同性isotropic 条基strip footing 方形独立基础square spread footing 下卧层（土）underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 恒载/静载dead load 持续荷载sustained load 活载live load 短期瞬时荷载short term transient load 长期荷载long-term transient load 折算荷载reduced load 沉降s

6、ettlement 变形deformation 套管casing 堤（防）dike=dyke 粘粒粒组clay fraction 物理性质physical properties 路基subgrade 级配良好土well-graded soil 级配不良土poorly-graded soil 筛子sieve 摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 有限元法FEM=finite element method 极限平衡法limit equilibrium method 孔隙水压力pore water pressure 先期固结压力preconsolidatio

7、npressure 压缩模量modulus of compressibility 压缩系数coefficentof compressibility 压缩指数compression index 回弹指数swelling index 自重应力geostatic stress 附加应力additional stress 最终沉降final settlement 滑移线slip line Part 5 Excavation and dewatering of foundation开挖excavation 降水dewatering 基坑失稳failure of foundation 基坑围护bracin

8、g of foundation pit （基坑）底隆起bottom heave=basal heave 挡土墙retaining wall 孔压分布pore-pressure distribution 降低地下水位法dewatering method 井点系统well point system 深井点deep well point 真空井点vacuum well point 支撑围护braced cuts 支撑开挖braced excavation 支撑挡板braced sheeting Writing a short paragraph by following special words

9、(at least 100 words)Underground space, transportation system, cross section , sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons , radioactive waste ,lining systemExampleUnderground space is most often thought of as a part of a transportation system, such a

10、s railway or road tunnels, having atypical cross section of some 50 to100 m2 (single or double lanes). However, a number of other applications for underground space have been developed, such as sport centers, sewage water plants, garages, heat storages, storages for food or hydrocarbons etc. Other a

11、pplications are under development, such as repository concept for high radioactive waste. This paper will present some of the applications developed and constructed but emphasize on underground hydrocarbon storages. The developed techniques are based on either storage in gas phase at high pressures

12、or in liquid state at extremely low temperatures. Both systems require a lining system. Part 6 Deep foundation桩基础pile foundation 灌注桩cast in-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 钻孔桩bored pile 机控异型灌注桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile 嵌岩灌注桩 piles set into rock 夯扩桩 rammed bulb pile 钻孔墩基础 be

13、lled pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 drilled-pier foundation 预制混凝土桩precastconcrete pile 钢桩steel pile 钢管桩steel pipe pile 钢板桩steel sheet pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcrete pile 预应力混凝土管桩prestressedconcrete pipe pile 沉井（箱)caisson foundation 地下连续墙diaphragm 摩擦桩friction pile 端承桩end-bearing pile 波动方程分析wave equation anal

14、ysis 承台pile cap 单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile 单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test 单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验static load test of pile 单桩竖向容许承载力vertical allowable load capacity 低桩承台low pile cap 高桩承台high-rise pile cap 单桩抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of

15、single pile 静压桩silent piling 抗拔桩uplift pile 抗滑桩anti-slide pile 群桩pile groups 群桩效率系数（）efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效应efficiency of pile groups 桩基动测dynamic pile testing 最后贯入度final set 桩动荷载试验dynamic load test of pile 桩的完整性试验pile integrity test 桩头pile head=butt 桩端（头）pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩距

16、pile spacing 桩位布置图pile plan 桩的布置arrangement of piles =pile layout 群桩作用group action 桩端阻end bearing=tip resistance 桩侧阻skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩垫pile cushion 打桩（振动）pile driving(by vibration) 拔桩试验pile pulling test 桩靴pile shoe 打桩噪音pile noise 打桩机pile rig Part 7 Ground treatment建筑地基处理技术规范techn

17、ical code for ground treatment of building垫层法cushion method预压法preloading method强夯法dynamic compaction method强夯置换法dynamic compaction replacement method振冲法vibroflotationmethod 砂石桩sand-gravel pile /pile-stone column 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥土搅拌桩cement mixing pile水泥桩cement column 石灰桩lime

18、pile /lime column高压喷射注浆法jet grouting method夯实水泥土桩rammed-cement-soil pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile /lime-soil compacted column 化学加固法chemical stabilization method 表层压实法surface compaction method超载预压法surcharge preloading method真空预压法vacuum preloading method袋装砂井法sand wick method土工织物geofabric/geotext

19、ile 复合地基composite foundation 加筋法reinforcement method 降低地下水固结法dewatering consolidation method 冷热处理法freezing and heating method膨胀土地基处理expansive ground treatment 山区地基处理ground treatment in mountain area 湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment 人工地基artificial foundation 天然地基natural foundation 褥垫pillow 软土地基so

20、ft clay ground 砂井sand drain 树根桩root pile 塑料排水带plastic drain 碎石桩stone column/gravel pile （复合地基）置换率(composite foundation) replacement ratio Part 8固结consolidation 太沙基固结理论Terzzaghis consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论Barraons consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Biots consolidation theory 超固结比over consolidation ration (O

21、CR) 超固结土overconsolidationsoil 超孔压力excess pore water pressure 多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation 一维固结one-dimensional consolidation 主固结primary consolidation 次固结secondary consolidation 固结度degree of consolidation 固结试验consolidation test 固结曲线consolidation curve 时间因子time factorTv固结系数coefficient of consoli

22、dation 前期固结压力preconsolidationpressure 有效应力原理principle of effective stress K0固结consolidation under K0 condition Part 9 抗剪强度shear strength 不排水抗剪强度undrainedshear strength 残余强度residual strength 长期强度long-term strength 峰值强度peak strength 剪胀dilatation 抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强

23、度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength 莫尔库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 内摩擦角angle of internal friction 粘聚力cohesion 破坏准则failure criterion 十字板抗剪强度vane strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope Part 10 Constitutive model弹性模型Elastic model非线性弹性模型Nonlinear ela

24、stic model弹塑性模型Elastoplasticmodel粘弹性模型Viscoelasticmodel边界面模型Boundary surface model 邓肯张模型 Duncan-Chang model 刚塑性模型 Rigid plastic model 帽模型 Cap model 加工软化 Work softening 加工硬化 Work hardening 剑桥模型 Cambridge model理想弹塑性模型Ideal elastoplastic model莫尔库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion屈服面Yield surface弹性半空间地基模

25、型Elastic half-space foundation model弹性模量Elastic modulusPart 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soil冲切破坏Punching shear failure整体剪切破坏General shear failure局部剪切破坏Local shear failure极限平衡状态State of limit equilibrium地基稳定性Stability of soil/rock foundation地基极限承载力Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundati

26、on地基容许承载力Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundationPart 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysis主动土压力Active earth pressure被动土压力Passive earth pressure静止土压力Earth pressure at rest休止角Angle of repose边坡稳定安全系数Safety factor of slope条分法Part 13 retaining wall挡土墙稳定性Stability of retaining wall基础墙F

27、oundation wall扶壁式挡土墙Counter retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙Cantilever retaining wall悬臂式板桩墙Cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙Gravity retaining wall锚定板挡土墙Anchored plate retaining wall锚定板板桩墙Anchored sheet pile wallPart 14 Soil test高压固结试验High pressure consolidation testK0固结试验Consolidation under K0condition变水头渗透试验Fal

28、ling head permeability test不固结不排水三轴试验Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test固结不排水/排水三轴试验Consolidated undrained/drained triaxial test击实试验Compaction test固结快剪试验Consolidated quick direct shear test快剪试验Quick direct shear test土工模型试验Geotechnical model test离心模型试验Centrifugal model test直剪仪Direct shear apparatu

29、sPart 15 In situ test标准贯入试验Standard penetration test (SPT)表面波试验Surface wave test(SWT)动力触探试验Dynamic penetration test(DPT)静力触探试验Static cone penetration test跨孔试验Cross-hole test螺旋板载荷试验Screw plate test旁压试验Pressuremeter test轻便触探试验Light sounding test深层沉降观测Deep settlement measurement现场渗透试验Field permeability test原位空隙水压量测In-situ pore water pressure measurement原位（土、岩石）试验In-situ soil/rock test直剪试验Direct shear test直接单剪试验Direct simple shear test动三轴试验Dynamic triaxial test自（共）振柱试验Free(resonance) vibration column testWriting a short paragraph about the topic:Soil(at least 50 words)