岩土专业英语.docx

岩土专业英语.docx

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岩土专业英语

Part1Generalwords•

岩土工程•Geotechnicalengineering•基础工程•Foundationengineering•土•soil,earth•土力学•soilmechanics•周期荷载•cyclicloading

•再加载•reloading•粘弹性地基•viscoelasticfoundation•粘滞阻尼•viscousdamping•剪切模量•shearmodulus

•土动力学•soildynamics•应力路径•stresspath

Part2Typesofsoil

•残积土•residualsoil•地下水•groundwater

•地下水位•groundwaterlevel/groundwatertable•粘土矿物•clayminerals•次生矿物•secondaryminerals•滑坡•landslide

•钻孔柱状图•boreholecolumnarsection•工程地质勘察•engineeringgeologicinvestigation•漂石•boulder•卵石•cobble

•砂石•gravel•砾砂•gravellysand•粗砂•coarsesand•中砂•mediumsand

•细砂•finesand•粉土•siltysand•粘性土•clayeysoil•粘土•clay

•粉质粘土•siltyclay•砂质粉土•sandysilt•粘质粉土•clayeysilt•饱和土•saturatedsoil

•非饱和土•unsaturatedsoil•填土•filledsoil•

Part3Permeabilityandseepage

•达西定律•Darcy’slaw•管涌•piping

•流土•flowingsoil•砂沸•sandboiling•流网•flownet•渗流•seepage

•渗漏•leakage•渗透压力•seepage（force）pressure•渗透性•permeability•水力梯度•hydraulicgradient

•渗透系数•coefficientofpermeability•

Part4Deformationandstressoffoundation

•软土•softsoil•打入桩（负）摩阻力•（negative）skinfrictionofdrivenpile•有效应力•effectivestress

•总应力•totalstress•十字板抗剪强度•fieldvaneshearstrength•低活性•lowactivity•灵敏度•sensitivity•三轴试验•triaxialtest

•基础设计•foundationdesign•再压缩•recompaction•承载力•bearingcapacity•土体•soilmass•接触压力•contactpressure

•集中荷载•concentratedload•半无限弹性体•asemi-infiniteelasticsolid•均质•homogeneous•各向同性•isotropic•条基•stripfooting

•方形独立基础•squarespreadfooting•下卧层（土）•underlyingsoil（stratum,strata）•恒载/静载•deadload•持续荷载•sustainedload•活载•liveload

•短期瞬时荷载•short–termtransientload•长期荷载•long-termtransientload•折算荷载•reducedload•沉降•settlement•变形•deformation

•套管•casing•堤（防）•dike=dyke•粘粒粒组•clayfraction•物理性质•physicalproperties•路基•subgrade

•级配良好土•well-gradedsoil•级配不良土•poorly-gradedsoil•筛子•sieve•摩尔-库仑破坏条件•Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition•有限元法•FEM=finiteelementmethod

•极限平衡法•limitequilibriummethod•孔隙水压力•porewaterpressure•先期固结压力•preconsolidationpressure•压缩模量•modulusofcompressibility•压缩系数•coefficentofcompressibility

•压缩指数•compressionindex•回弹指数•swellingindex•自重应力•geostaticstress•附加应力•additionalstress•最终沉降•finalsettlement

•滑移线•slipline•

Part5Excavationanddewateringoffoundation

•开挖•excavation•降水•dewatering•基坑失稳•failureoffoundation

•基坑围护•bracingoffoundationpit•（基坑）底隆起•bottomheave=basalheave•挡土墙•retainingwall•孔压分布•pore-pressuredistribution•降低地下水位法•dewateringmethod

•井点系统•wellpointsystem•深井点•deepwellpoint•真空井点•vacuumwellpoint•支撑围护•bracedcuts•支撑开挖•bracedexcavation•支撑挡板•bracedsheeting

Writingashortparagraphbyfollowingspecialwords（atleast100words）

Undergroundspace,transportationsystem,crosssection,sportcenters,sewagewaterplants,garages,heatstorages,storagesforfoodorhydrocarbons,radioactivewaste,liningsystem

Example

Undergroundspaceismostoftenthoughtofasapartofatransportationsystem,suchasrailwayorroadtunnels,havingatypicalcrosssectionofsome50to100m2（singleordoublelanes）.However,anumberofotherapplicationsforundergroundspacehavebeendeveloped,suchassportcenters,sewagewaterplants,garages,heatstorages,storagesforfoodorhydrocarbonsetc.Otherapplicationsareunderdevelopment,suchasrepositoryconceptforhighradioactivewaste.Thispaperwillpresentsomeoftheapplicationsdevelopedandconstructedbutemphasizeonundergroundhydrocarbonstorages.Thedevelopedtechniquesarebasedoneitherstorageingasphaseathighpressuresorinliquidstateatextremelylowtemperatures.Bothsystemsrequirealiningsystem.

Part6Deepfoundation

•桩基础•pilefoundation•灌注桩•cast–in-placepile•沉管灌注桩•divingcastingcast-in-placepile•钻孔桩•boredpile

•机控异型灌注桩•special-shapedcast-in-placepile•嵌岩灌注桩•pilessetintorock•夯扩桩•rammedbulbpile•钻孔墩基础•belledpierfoundation•钻孔扩底墩•drilled-pierfoundation

•预制混凝土桩•precastconcretepile•钢桩•steelpile•钢管桩•steelpipepile•钢板桩•steelsheetpile•预应力混凝土桩•prestressedconcretepile

•预应力混凝土管桩•prestressedconcretepipepile•沉井（箱）•caissonfoundation•地下连续墙•diaphragm•摩擦桩•frictionpile•端承桩•end-bearingpile

•波动方程分析•waveequationanalysis•承台•pilecap•单桩承载力•bearingcapacityofsinglepile•单桩横向载荷试验•lateralpileloadtest•单桩横向极限承载力•ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile

•单桩竖向静荷载试验•staticloadtestofpile•单桩竖向容许承载力•verticalallowableloadcapacity•低桩承台•lowpilecap•高桩承台•high-risepilecap•单桩抗拔极限承载力•verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile

•静压桩•silentpiling•抗拔桩•upliftpile•抗滑桩•anti-slidepile•群桩•pilegroups•群桩效率系数（η）•efficiencyfactorofpilegroups

•群桩效应•efficiencyofpilegroups•桩基动测•dynamicpiletesting•最后贯入度•finalset•桩动荷载试验•dynamicloadtestofpile•桩的完整性试验•pileintegritytest

•桩头•pilehead=butt•桩端（头）•piletip=pilepoint=piletoe•桩距•pilespacing•桩位布置图•pileplan•桩的布置•arrangementofpiles=pilelayout

•群桩作用•groupaction•桩端阻•endbearing=tipresistance•桩侧阻•skin（side）friction=shaftresistance•桩垫•pilecushion•打桩（振动）•piledriving（byvibration）

•拔桩试验•pilepullingtest•桩靴•pileshoe•打桩噪音•pilenoise•打桩机•pilerig

•Part7Groundtreatment

•建筑地基处理技术规范•technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding•垫层法•cushionmethod•预压法•preloadingmethod•强夯法•dynamiccompactionmethod•强夯置换法•dynamiccompactionreplacementmethod

•振冲法•vibroflotationmethod•砂石桩•sand-gravelpile/pile-stonecolumn•水泥粉煤灰碎石桩•cement-flyash-gravelpile（CFG）•水泥土搅拌桩•cementmixingpile•水泥桩•cementcolumn

•石灰桩•limepile/limecolumn•高压喷射注浆法•jetgroutingmethod•夯实水泥土桩•rammed-cement-soilpile•灰土挤密桩•lime-soilcompactionpile/lime-soilcompactedcolumn•化学加固法•chemicalstabilizationmethod

•表层压实法•surfacecompactionmethod•超载预压法•surchargepreloadingmethod•真空预压法•vacuumpreloadingmethod•袋装砂井法•sandwickmethod•土工织物•geofabric/geotextile

•复合地基•compositefoundation•加筋法•reinforcementmethod•降低地下水固结法•dewateringconsolidationmethod•冷热处理法•freezingandheatingmethod•膨胀土地基处理•expansivegroundtreatment

•山区地基处理•groundtreatmentinmountainarea•湿陷性黄土地基处理•collapsibleloesstreatment•人工地基•artificialfoundation•天然地基•naturalfoundation•褥垫•pillow

•软土地基•softclayground•砂井•sanddrain•树根桩•rootpile•塑料排水带•plasticdrain•碎石桩•stonecolumn/gravelpile

•（复合地基）置换率•（compositefoundation）replacementratio•

Part8固结consolidation

•太沙基固结理论•Terzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory•巴隆固结理论•Barraon’sconsolidationtheory•比奥固结理论•Biot’sconsolidationtheory

•超固结比•overconsolidationration（OCR）•超固结土•overconsolidationsoil•超孔压力•excessporewaterpressure•多维固结•multi-dimensionalconsolidation•一维固结•one-dimensionalconsolidation

•主固结•primaryconsolidation•次固结•secondaryconsolidation•固结度•degreeofconsolidation•固结试验•consolidationtest•固结曲线•consolidationcurve

•时间因子•timefactorTv•固结系数•coefficientofconsolidation•前期固结压力•preconsolidationpressure•有效应力原理•principleofeffectivestress•K0固结•consolidationunderK0condition

•Part9抗剪强度shearstrength•不排水抗剪强度•undrainedshearstrength•残余强度•residualstrength•长期强度•long-termstrength•峰值强度•peakstrength•剪胀•dilatation

•抗剪强度有效应力法•effectivestressapproachofshearstrength•抗剪强度总应力法•totalstressapproachofshearstrength•莫尔－库仑理论•Mohr-Coulombtheory•内摩擦角•angleofinternalfriction•粘聚力•cohesion

•破坏准则•failurecriterion•十字板抗剪强度•vanestrength•无侧限抗压强度•unconfinedcompressionstrength•有效应力破坏包线•effectivestressfailureenvelope

Part10Constitutivemodel

•弹性模型

•Elasticmodel

•非线性弹性模型

•Nonlinearelasticmodel

•弹塑性模型

•Elastoplasticmodel

•粘弹性模型

•Viscoelasticmodel

•边界面模型

•Boundarysurfacemodel

•邓肯－张模型

•Duncan-Changmodel

•刚塑性模型

•Rigidplasticmodel

•帽模型

•Capmodel

•加工软化

•Worksoftening

•加工硬化

•Workhardening

•剑桥模型

•Cambridgemodel

•理想弹塑性模型

•Idealelastoplasticmodel

•莫尔－库仑屈服准则

•Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion

•屈服面

•Yieldsurface

•弹性半空间地基模型

•Elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel

•弹性模量

•Elasticmodulus

Part11Bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil

•冲切破坏

•Punchingshearfailure

•整体剪切破坏

•Generalshearfailure

•局部剪切破坏

•Localshearfailure

•极限平衡状态

•Stateoflimitequilibrium

•地基稳定性

•Stabilityofsoil/rockfoundation

•地基极限承载力

•Ultimatebearingcapacityofsoil/rockfoundation

•地基容许承载力

•Allowablebearingcapacityofsoil/rockfoundation

Part12earthpressureandslopestabilityanalysis

•主动土压力

•Activeearthpressure

•被动土压力

•Passiveearthpressure

•静止土压力

•Earthpressureatrest

•休止角

•Angleofrepose

•边坡稳定安全系数

•Safetyfactorofslope

条分法

Part13retainingwall

•挡土墙稳定性

•Stabilityofretainingwall

•基础墙

•Foundationwall

•扶壁式挡土墙

•Counterretainingwall

•悬臂式挡土墙

•Cantileverretainingwall

•悬臂式板桩墙

•Cantileversheetpilewall

•重力式挡土墙

•Gravityretainingwall

•锚定板挡土墙

•Anchoredplateretainingwall

•锚定板板桩墙

•Anchoredsheetpilewall

Part14Soiltest

•高压固结试验

•Highpressureconsolidationtest

•K0固结试验

•ConsolidationunderK0condition

•变水头渗透试验

•Fallingheadpermeabilitytest

•不固结不排水三轴试验

•Unconsolidated-undrainedtriaxialtest

•固结不排水/排水三轴试验

•Consolidatedundrained/drainedtriaxialtest

•击实试验

•Compactiontest

•固结快剪试验

•Consolidatedquickdirectsheartest

•快剪试验

•Quickdirectsheartest

•土工模型试验

•Geotechnicalmodeltest

•离心模型试验

•Centrifugalmodeltest

•直剪仪

•Directshearapparatus

Part15Insitutest

•标准贯入试验

•Standardpenetrationtest（SPT）

•表面波试验

•Surfacewavetest（SWT）

•动力触探试验

•Dynamicpenetrationtest（DPT）

•静力触探试验

•Staticconepenetrationtest

•跨孔试验

•Cross-holetest

•螺旋板载荷试验

•Screwplatetest

•旁压试验

•Pressuremetertest

•轻便触探试验

•Lightsoundingtest

•深层沉降观测

•Deepsettlementmeasurement

•现场渗透试验

•Fieldpermeabilitytest

•原位空隙水压量测

•In-situporewaterpressuremeasurement

•原位（土、岩石）试验

•In-situsoil/rocktest

•直剪试验

•Directsheartest

•直接单剪试验

•Directsimplesheartest

•动三轴试验

•Dynamictriaxialtest

•自（共）振柱试验

•Free（resonance）vibrationcolumntest

Writingashortparagraph

aboutthetopic:

Soil

（atleast50words）