语言学常用术语英汉对照表.docx

1、语言学常用术语英汉对照表语言学常用术语英汉对照表Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistics语言学简介1. anthropological linguistics 人类语言学2. applied linguistics 应用语言学3. arbitrariness任意性4. petence语言能力5. putational linguistics 计算机语言学6. cultural transmission 文化传递性7. descriptive (grammar) 描写（语法）8. descriptive function 描写功能9. design featur

2、es识别特征10. diachronic linguistics 历时语言学11. duality二重性12. displacement不受时空限制的特征13. emotive function 表情功能14. expressive function表达功能 15. general linguisitcs普通语言学16. ideational function概念功能17. interpersonal function人际功能18. langue语言19. linguistics ligwistiks 语言学20. morphology 形态学21. mathematical linguist

3、ics 数理语言学22. metalinguistic function 23. neurological linguistics 神经语言学24. phonetics 语音学25. phonology 音系学26. pragmatics 语用学27. prescriptive (grammar)规定（语法）28. psycholinguistics 心理语言学29. parole 言语30. performance语言运用31. productivity能产性32. poetic function诗学功能33. phatic munion交感性谈话34. referential functi

4、on所指功能35. semantics 语义学36. social function社会功能37. socio-linguistics 社会语言学38. synchronic linguistics共时语言学39. syntax句法学40. textual function语篇功能41. Traditional Grammar传统语法Chapter 2 Phonology 音系学1. acoustic phonetics声学语音学2. articulatory phonetics发音语音学3. affricate破擦音4. allophone音位变体5. alveolar齿龈音6. audit

5、ory phonetics听觉语音学7. aspiration送气8. assimilation rules同化现象9. back vowel后元音10. bilabial双唇音11. broad transcription宽式音标12. central vowel中元音13. close vowel闭元音14. plementary distribution互补分布15. deletion rules省略规则16. dental齿音17. diphthong双元音18. fricative摩擦音19. front vowel前元音20. glide滑音21. glottal声门音22. ha

6、rd palate硬腭23. International Phonetics Alphabet国际音标24. intonation语调25. labiodental唇齿音26. liquid流音27. manner of articulation发音方式28. minimal pair 最小对立体29. minimal set最小对立组30. monophthong单元音31. narrow transcription严式音标32. nasal鼻音33. nasal cavity鼻腔34. open vowel开元音35. oral cavity口腔36. palatal硬腭37. phary

7、ngeal cavity咽腔38. place of articulation发音部位39. phone因素40. phoneme音素41. phonemic contrast音位对立42. rounded vowel元唇元音43. semi-close vowel半闭元音44. semi-open vowel半开元音45. sequential rules序列规则46. segment切分成分47.segmentation切分48. soft palate软腭49. stop塞音50. stress 重音51. suprasegmental features超切分特征52. teeth ri

8、dge齿龈53. tone声调54. unrounded vowel非圆唇元音55. uvula小舌56. velar软腭音57. velum软腭58. voicing浊音化Chapter 3 Morphology 形态学1. affix词缀2. allomorph语素变体3. base词基4. bound morpheme黏着语素5. lexicon词汇6. closed class words封闭词类7. pound words 合成词8. derivation派生；派生过程9. derivational morphem派生语素10. free morpheme自由语素11. inflec

9、tional morpheme屈折语素12. infinitive marker不定式标记13. morph形素14. morphological rules形态规则15. open class words开放词类16. root 词根17. stem词干Chapter 4 Syntax 句法学1. auxiliary助动词2. categoryX畴3. plement补足语；补充成分4. plement clause补足分句5. coordination rule并列规则6. coordinate structure并列结构7. deep structure深层结构8. determiner

10、限定词9. head中心词10. head movement中心词移位11. insertion插入12. inversion倒装13. major lexical categories主要词汇X畴14. matrix clause主句15. minor lexical categories次要词汇X畴16. phrase structure短语结构17. modifier修饰成分18. qualifier后置修饰成分19. specifier标志语20. subcategorization次X畴化21. surface structure表层结构22. syntactic category句

11、法X畴23. trace语迹24. transformation转换Chapter 5 Semantics语义学1. antonymy反义现象2. argument谓元；变元3. behaviorism行为主义4. co-hyponym并列下义词5. collocational synonym搭配同义词6. plementary antonym互补反义词7. plete homonym完全同形异义词8. ponential analysis成分分析9. conceptualist view概念论10. contextualism语境主义11. contradition自相矛盾的说法12. di

12、alectal synonym方言同义词13. emotive meaning情感意义14. entailment蕴含15. evaluative meaning评价意义16.gradable antonym层级反义词17. homograph同形异义词18. homonymy同音同形异义关系19. homophone同音异义词20. hyponym下义词21. hyponymy下义关系22. inconsistency自相矛盾23. polysemy多义关系24. polysymous word多义词25. presupposition预设26. predication analysis述谓

13、分析27. predicate谓词28. naming theory命名论29. no-place predicaiton空位述谓解耦股30. one-place predication一位述谓结构31. reference（所指）语义32. referent所指物；所指对象33. relational opposite关系反义词34. semantic triangle语义三角35. sense意义36. stylistic synonym语体同义词37. superordinate上坐标词38. symbol符号39. synonym同义词40. synonymy同义关系41. two-p

14、lace predicaiton二位述谓结构42. three-place predication三位述谓结构Chapter 6 Pragmatics语用学1. missives承诺类2. Cooperative Principle合作原则3. constatives述事话语4. context语境5. conventional implicature规约含义6. declarations宣告类7. directives指令类8. expressives表情类9. illocutionary act言外功能10. illocutionary point言外之的11. implicature蕴含

15、；含义；会话含义；言外之意12. indirect speech act间接言语行为13. locutionary act言内行为14. maxim of relation关系准则15. maxim of manner方式准则16. maxim of quality质准则17. maxim of quantity量准则18. particularized conversational implicature特殊会话含义19. perfomatives行事话语20. perlocutionary act言后行为21. presupposition前提22. primary speech act

16、主要言语行为23. representatives表述类24. secondary speech act次要言语行为25. sentence meaning 句子意义26. speech act theory言语行为理论27. utterance meaning话语意义Chapter 7 Language Change语言变化1. acronyms 词首字母缩略词2. back-formation 逆成法3. blending混成法4. borrowing借词5. clipped words截略词6. coinage创新词7. functional shift功能性变化8. historica

17、l linguistics历史语言学9. Middle English中世纪英语10. Modern English现代英语11. morphological change形态变化12. negation rule否定规则13. Old English古英语14. phonological change音位变化15. semantic change语义变化16. semantic shift语义转移17. syntactic change句法变化Chapter 8 Language and society语言与社会1. bilingualism双语制2. Black English黑人英语3.

18、 creole克里奥尔语4. diglossia双语；双言制5. ethnic dialect种族变体6. field of discourse语场7. gender性别8. idiolect个人变体9. mode of discourse语式10. multilingualism多语制11. pidgin洋泾浜语12. regional dialect地域方言13. register语域14. sociolect社会变体15. speech munity言语社团16. speech variety言语变体17. tenor of discourse语旨Chapter 9 Language a

19、nd culture语言与社会1. acculturation 同化过程2. amalgamation混合3. assimilation同化（现象）；同化（作用）4. connotative meaning内涵意义5. colour words颜色词6. cultural overlap文化重叠7. cultural imperialism文化帝国主义8. denotative meaning外延意义9. linguistic relativity语言相对性10. metaphor隐喻11. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔沃尔夫假说12. socialization社会化1

20、3. taboo禁忌语14. intercultural munication跨文化交际15. linguistic imperialism语言学中的帝国主义16. linguistic nationalism语言学中的民族主义Chapter 10 Language acquisition语言习得1. aphasia失语症2. behaviorist 行为主义者3. caretaker talk保姆式语言4. cognitive linguistics认知语言学5. content word实词6. Critical Period Hypothesis临界期假说7. dysgraphia书写困

21、难8. dyslexia失读症9. feedback反馈10. function element起功能作用成分11. hearing impairment听力受损12. innatist语法天生主义者13. interactionist互动主义者14. Language Acquisition Device语言习得机制15. lexical contrast词汇对比16. mental retardation智障17. motherese保姆式语言18. over-extension过度扩展19. prototype theory 原型理论20. recast修正性重复21. stutteri

22、ng口吃22. telegraphic speech电报式言语23. under-extension扩展不足24. Universal Grammar普遍语法Chapter 11 Second language acquisition 第二语言习得1. affect/social strategies 社会策略2. age of acquisition习得年龄3. cognitive strategies认知策略4. prehensible input可理解性输入5. Constrastive Analysis对比分析6. cross-association互相联想7. Error Analy

23、sis错误分析8. foreign language外语9. foreigner talk外国人谈话10. fossilization语言石化（现象）11. Input Hypothesis输入假说12. instrumental motivation工具动机13. intake 纳入14. integrative motivation综合动机15. interference干扰16. interlanguage中介语17. interlingual errors语际错误；受母语影响的错误18. Intralingual error语内错误19. intrinsic motivation内在动

24、机20. intuition知觉；语感21. learner language学习者语言22. learning strategies学习策略23. language aptitude语言能力24. language transfer语言迁移25. metacognitive strategies元认知策略26. motivation动机27. modified input修改后的输入28. modified interaction变化性的互动29. negative transfer消极迁移；负迁移30. overgeneralization概括过头31. personality人格；性格；

25、个性32. positive transfer积极迁移；正迁移33. resultative motivation结果动机34. second language第二语言35. second language acquisition第二语言习得36. teacher talk教师谈话37. target language目标语Chapter 12 Language and the brain语言与大脑1. acquired dysgraphia习得性书写障碍2. acquired dyslexia习得性失读症3. angular gyrus隅骨4. autopsy studies尸检研究5. b

26、rain stem脑干6. Brocas aphasia布罗卡失语症7. Brocas area布罗卡区8. bottom-up processing自下而上处理过程cerebrum大脑9. central sulcus中央沟10. cerebellum小脑 脑向背侧突出的一个较大的部分，尤与肌肉的共济运动和维持身体平衡有关11. cerebral hemisphere大脑半球12. cohort model交股模型13. putarized Axial Tomography计算机化轴向层面X射线摄影法14. corpus（语言）素材15. corpus callosum胼胝体16. cort

27、ex大脑皮层17. deep dyslexia深层诵读困难18. Dichotic listening studies双耳分听实验19. event-related potential experiment20. eye movement experiment眼动实验21. fissure裂缝；裂隙22. fluent aphasia流利性失语症23. frontal lobe额叶（大脑半球的前部，其下部位于颅前窝，后界中央沟24. Functional MRI功能磁共振成像25. garden path sentence花园路径句26. global aphasia整体性失语症27. gyr

28、us回28. hierarchical structure层级结构29. late closure principle后封闭原则；晚封闭原则30. lateral fissure侧脑裂31. lateralization侧化32. lesion损害33. lexical decision词汇判断；词汇确定法34. lobes叶，身体器官的由表面的沟裂分出的部分35. longitudinal fissure纵裂36. Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像37. neuron神经细胞，神经元38. minimal attachment principle最低限度结合原则

29、39. module模块；组块40. non-fluent aphasia失语症41. occipital lobe枕叶 大脑半球的后叶，呈三面的锥形， 与前方的顶叶和下方的颞叶没有明显的界限42. parietal lobe顶叶Positron emission Tomography正电子发射X射线层析照相术；计算机辅助正电子发射断层扫描技术43. phological dyslexia拼音性失读症44. priming启动45. priming effect启动效应46. priming experiment启动实验47. right ear advantage右耳优势；右耳听力强48. selectional restriction选择限制49. sentence ambiguity句子歧义50. “Sodium Amystal “Test阿米妥纳实验Spoonerism斯本内现象51. split brain studies裂脑研究52. sulcus沟53. surface dyslexia浅层诵读困难54. syntactic parser句法处理器55. temporal lobe颞叶56. timed-reading experiment限时阅读实验57. top-down processing自上而下处理过程58. Wernickes aphasia韦尼克失语症