英语考级阅读方法指导.docx

1、英语考级阅读方法指导考级阅读技巧六级与四级的区别：一、词词汇量5500。二、句出题考长句子。三、段所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But, Yet, However 转折连词后面是重点，常考点。四、选项有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。六级题型：1. 主旨题（Sum Up/Title）-看文章每段第一句24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage? A) Advantages and disadvantages of aut

2、omation. B) Labour and the effects of automation. C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation. D) Social benefits of automation. 注：文章三段第一句都出现automation，两段出现labour，因此这两个词是重点，必然在选项中出现。Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduc

3、es the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.注：refers to 下定义Labours concern over automation arises from

4、uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow u

5、p around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs mad

6、e possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.注：labour 雇员To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary un

7、employment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are wo

8、rking for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rel

9、y mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.注：union 工会，和雇员有关2. 词汇题找词所在句子关系转折关系。例如：六级很难，但是，找转折连词But, Yet, However。并列关系。例如：A and B，问A就把B内容填进去。解释关系。用because和从句in which等联系。例如：30. “An identifying figure” (Line 2, Para. 5) refers to a person _.A) who se

10、rves as a model for othersB) who is always successfulC) who can be depended uponD) who has been rewarded for his success（文章前四段省略）Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations,

11、 imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.注：把握and前后是并列关系。3. 细节题-直接细节、因果推理、暗示例如：31. It is implied that fifty years ago _ .A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factoriesB) twenty percent of Amer

12、ican intellectuals were employeesC) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or sk

13、ill is _ . A) less important than awareness of being a good employee B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations C) more important than employer- employee relations D) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organizationOurs has become a society of employees. A

14、 hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago being employed meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today

15、 is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper - class employees have been t

16、he fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an e

17、mployee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist s trade or bookkeeping (簿记). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, an

18、d requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requi

19、rements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or profe

20、ssional knowledge.4. 作者态度题（attitude）正负态度凡是文章探讨新事物正态度凡是文章探讨老事物负态度例外：中立题25. The writers attitude towards the use of the telephone is _.A) affectionateB) disapprovingC) approvingD) neutral例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据-论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。例子开始的标志：for example，后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容。例子含义的标志：show, t

21、ell, prove, demonstrate, find, clearlyPage72In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that p

22、reserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(猫头鹰), whose rem

23、aining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutte

24、rs-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.注：1. controversial的意思是受争议的，同“sharply political issue”，contro表示“反” 2. for example前句子是重点3. problematic悬而未决的Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developin

25、g nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使穷困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.注：1. tension张力，冲突2. 看到s

26、imilar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。3. But转折是重点Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earths ozone layer (臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to h

27、arm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex we

28、b life.36.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversialissue?A) Because people cant agree as to what species to protect.B) Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.C) Because it affects the interests of certain groups of p

29、eople.D) Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.注：细节题。第一段economic interests表示绝对的词-出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点；如果出现在选项中，很可能是不对的。全无：non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither.nor全有：all-every-full-either唯一：only-exactly- best-most37.According to the

30、passage, the preservation of rain forests _. A) may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty.B) benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.C) should take priority over the control of human population.D) will help improve the living conditions in developing countrie

31、s.注：细节题，对应文章第二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要表达出“和经济利益冲突”就对了。38.According to the passage, cutting tress to grow more food _.A) will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.B) is but a short-term relief to the food problem.C) can hardly alleviate the shortage of food.D) proves to be an effect

32、ive way out for impoverished nations.注：对应文章第二段。Short-term对应temporarily，relief对应avoid。39.Among“humanitys current problems” (Line 6, Para. 3), the chief concern of the scientistsis _. A) the impoverishment of developing countries.B) the explosion of the human population.C) the reduction of biological diversity.D) the effect of global warming.注：第三段。C选项中reduction对应rob，diversity对应richness。40.The authors