作文结构讲解.docx

1、作文结构讲解1.议论文写作思路2.议论文分类：阐述主题型作文（Topic）；正反观点型作文（A&B）阐述主题型作文写作（A&B）：（这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲要求进行论述） 基本写作格式 正反观点型作文（A&B）（这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述，最后得出你自己的结论。采用论点加论据写作形式。）基本写作格式 第二，弄清英语文章段落结构特点英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成：主题句+扩展句+结尾句（1）主题句：所谓主题句，就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山，所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落

2、的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。（2）扩展句：所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子（for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that-）、列数据（according to the recent study/survey,-）等。（3）结尾句：所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作，最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。但是在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数。因此我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构 60%-70%都是由主题句+扩展句构成另：主旨句作为主旨句就是英语文章的中心思想句

3、。英语文章一般首先用一句话概括一下作者的写作目的或意图，我们就把这句话称之为主旨句。没有受过写作训练的考生是不会写主旨句的。因此这样的文章就不能够称之为好的英语文章，自然也得不到阅卷人的青睐了。很好的四级写作技巧（转的）-1、了解篇章结构。考试作文通常是3段式或者5段式，四级作文3段应该就差不多了。2、文章的构成模式：第一段：文章中心句 或 背景信息+中心句第二段：本段主题句（注意衔接第一段）+ 分点说明 （包括举例说明）+ 本段结论句（本段结论句不是必须要写的）第三段：引出结论（注意衔接第二段）graph 是坐标图，一般以线来表达函数。e.g.line graph, function gra

4、phchart 是图解，一般以图形表达统计数量。eg.pie chart, bar chart英语四级写作高分模板：议论文的框架发表于：2009-7-30 浏览：128 次 来源：华浦（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_

5、. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_. People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeoplehold the idea that _观点二_. In their point of view, on the

6、one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat _观点二_.As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _观点一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _.（2）利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）_作文题目_. In fact, ther

7、e are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_. Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative

8、aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _ 缺点二_.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the _讨论议题_.（3）答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread conce

9、rn over （the issue that）_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途径一_. In addition, another way contribu

10、ting to success of the solving problem is _途径二_.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_.（4） 谚语警句性议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: _谚语_ has a profo

11、und significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the prover

12、b _谚语_.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and jo

13、b.图表型作文常用 图表作文：图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。图表的类型主要有：圆形（饼型）图（piechart）、柱形图(直型图)（graph）、曲线图（chart）和数据统计表(表格)（table）。图表作文的写作内容包括综合理解、客观详述和主观表达。模板一 总的趋势 图表具体描述 剖析图表所揭示的含义 理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 总结 前景预测As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in_. While _. It is obvious from the

14、table that_.What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, _. Secondly, _ . Whats more, _. Last but not lease, _.In conclusion, _. Moreover, _.范文： How People Spent Their HolidaysYear 1990 1995 2000Traveling 37% 51% 76%Staying at home 63% 49% 24%1. 上图所示为1990、199

15、5、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况，请描述其变化：2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因。3. 得出结论。How People Spent Their HolidaysAs can be seen from the table, the past decade have witnessed dramatic changes in the way people spent their holiday between 1990 and 2000.In 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure dropped c

16、onsiderably to 24% in 2000. It is obvious from the table that people tended to be more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment in the outside world.What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, with the rapid development of economy, people earn b

17、y far more money than they used to. Thus, people are able to afford traveling expenses. Secondly, people think it important to get well-informed about the outside world in this new era when everything is on the move. Traveling, of course, is a sure way to achieve this goal. Whats more, in this compe

18、titive society, people are usually under great stress. However, it is not difficult to find traveling an effective way to relieve peoples stress and get relaxation. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mi

19、nd.In conclusion, people prefer to go traveling rather than stay at home during holidays for a combination of reasons. Moreover, it seems that this trend will last in the foreseeable future.模板二描述图表 分三方面解释原因 下结论1) During the period from _to _, _rose from _to _, while _ decreased from _ to _.2) We bel

20、ieve that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _. Third, _.3) _.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that _.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries1以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ife expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况2说明引起变化的各

21、种原因Health Gains in Developing CountriesDuring the period from 1960 to 1990, the life expectancy of developing countries rose from 40 years to nearly 60 years, while infant mortality decreased from 200 deaths per 1000 births to around 100.We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

22、 First, economy develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves significantly as a result. Second, peoples health conditions also become better and better with the development of national health care systems. When they become richer and richer, they care more

23、 about personal health conditions. Third, medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that people will live longer and the infant mortality will again fall.

24、1996.6. CET-6模板三描述图表 解释图表 补充解释 1) During the period between _ and _, _ declined abruptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _.2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _ is much cheaper and more convenient_ . Apart from that, _.3) However, there are still a numb

25、er of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand, _.范文： Film Is Giving Way to TV1. 电影观众越来越少2. 电视观众越来越多，因为3. 然而，还是有人喜欢看电影，因为Film Is Giving Way to TV During the period between 1975 and 1985，film-goers declined abruptly from 85,000 to about 12,000, while TV-watchers i

26、ncreased sharply from 5,000 to more than 100,000. Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with a film, TV is much cheaper and more convenient -you dont have to leave your house at all. Apart from that, you have many choices while watching TV, but a film concentrates on a certain to

27、pic.However, there are still a number of people who enjoy going to the cinema, generally for two reasons. On the one hand, the audio-visual effect of a cinema is much better. On the other hand, in a quiet and comfortable place such as a cinema, you can concentrate on what you are watching and get th

28、e most of the film.图表式作文写作模板It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mai

29、nly there are (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all,(第一个原因). More importantly,(第二个原因). Most important of all,(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table wil

30、l continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).提纲式作文写作模板1、对立观点式A. 有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？B. 有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？C. 我的看法。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对