作文结构讲解.docx

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作文结构讲解

   1.议论文写作思路

  2.议论文分类:

阐述主题型作文(Topic);正反观点型作文(A&B)

  阐述主题型作文写作(A&B):

(这类题型作文要求从一句话或一个主题出发,按照提纲要求进行论述)

  基本写作格式

  

  正反观点型作文(A&B)(这类题型作文通常从正反两方面来分别论述,最后得出你自己的结论。

采用论点加论据写作形式。

  基本写作格式

   

  第二,弄清英语文章段落结构特点

  英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成:

主题句+扩展句+结尾句

  

(1)主题句:

所谓主题句,就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。

它是英语文章段落的灵魂,在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。

我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山,所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。

其他句子都要围绕它而展开。

  

(2)扩展句:

所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。

通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子(forexample,forinstance,suchas,acaseinpointisthat---)、列数据(accordingtotherecentstudy/survey,---)等。

  (3)结尾句:

所谓结尾句就是总结句。

英语写作也类似于汉语写作,最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。

但是在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数。

  因此我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构60%-70%都是由主题句+扩展句构成

  另:

主旨句

  作为主旨句就是英语文章的中心思想句。

英语文章一般首先用一句话概括一下作者的写作目的或意图,我们就把这句话称之为主旨句。

没有受过写作训练的考生是不会写主旨句的。

因此这样的文章就不能够称之为好的英语文章,自然也得不到阅卷人的青睐了。

很好的四级写作技巧(转的)

-

1、了解篇章结构。

考试作文通常是3段式或者5段式,四级作文3段应该就差不多了。

2、文章的构成模式:

第一段:

文章中心句或背景信息+中心句

第二段:

本段主题句(注意衔接第一段)+分点说明(包括举例说明)+本段结论句(本段结论句不是必须要写的)

第三段:

引出结论(注意衔接第二段)

graph是坐标图,一般以线来表达函数。

e.g.linegraph,functiongraph

chart是图解,一般以图形表达统计数量。

eg.piechart,barchart

英语四级写作高分模板:

议论文的框架

发表于:

2009-7-30浏览:

128次来源:

华浦

  

(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)

  Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat__作文题目_____.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一________.Intheirviewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:

inthefirstplace,___原因一_______.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,___原因二_____.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___观点一_____.

  People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people holdtheideathat___观点二_______.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand,___原因一_______.Ontheotherhand,____原因二_____.Therefore,there isno doubt that___观点二______.

  AsfarasIamconcerned,I firmly support the view that__观点一或二______. It isnotonlybecause________,butalsobecause_________.Themore_______,themore________.

  

(2)利弊型的议论文

  Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文题目______.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin__题目议题_____.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___优点一______.Andsecondly___优点二_____.

  JustAsapopularsayinggoes,"everycoinhastwosides",__讨论议题______isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺点一______.Inaddition,____缺点二______.

  Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof__讨论议题____intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe____讨论议题___.

  (3)答题性议论文

  Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)__作文题目_______.Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.

  Asweknowthattherearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,__途径一______.Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途径二_____.

  Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof___作文题目______,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,____方法_____.

  (4)谚语警句性议论文

  Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:

"___谚语_______"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans____谚语的含义_______.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)

  Acaseinpointis___例子一______.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb____谚语_____.

  WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:

____谚语_____.Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.

 

图表型作文常用

图表作文:

图表作文提示部分包括图表和文字要点提示两部分。

图表的类型主要有:

圆形(饼型)图(piechart)、柱形图(直型图)(graph)、曲线图(chart)和数据统计表(表格)(table)。

图表作文的写作内容包括综合理解、客观详述和主观表达。

模板一

①总的趋势 ②图表具体描述 ③剖析图表所揭示的含义 ④理由一

⑤理由二⑥理由三⑦理由四⑧总结⑨前景预测

Ascanbeseenfromthetable,thepastdecadehaswitnesseddramaticchangesin①______.

While②_______.Itisobviousfromthetablethat③_________.

Whatcontributedtothesechanges?

Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows.Tostartwith,④______.Secondly,⑤______.What’smore,⑥_______.Lastbutnotlease,⑦________.

Inconclusion,⑧_________.Moreover,⑨________.

范文:

HowPeopleSpentTheirHolidays

Year199019952000

Traveling37%51%76%

Stayingathome63%49%24%

1.上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况,请描述其变化:

2.请说明发生这些变化的原因。

3.得出结论。

HowPeopleSpentTheirHolidays

Ascanbeseenfromthetable,thepastdecadehavewitnesseddramaticchangesinthewaypeoplespenttheirholidaybetween1990and2000.In1990,63%ofpeoplespenttheirholidaysathome,whilethefiguredroppedconsiderablyto24%in2000.Itisobviousfromthetablethatpeopletendedtobemoreandmoremobile,andtheywantedtogetentertainmentintheoutsideworld.

Whatcontributedtothesechanges?

Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows.Tostartwith,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,peopleearnbyfarmoremoneythantheyusedto.Thus,peopleareabletoaffordtravelingexpenses.Secondly,peoplethinkitimportanttogetwell-informedabouttheoutsideworldinthisnewerawheneverythingisonthemove.Traveling,ofcourse,isasurewaytoachievethisgoal.What'smore,inthiscompetitivesociety,peopleareusuallyundergreatstress.However,itisnotdifficulttofindtravelinganeffectivewaytorelievepeople'sstressandgetrelaxation.Lastbutnotleast,bytravelingoutside,peopleareclosetonature,whichisnotonlybeneficialtoboththeirhealthandpeaceofmind.

Inconclusion,peopleprefertogotravelingratherthanstayathomeduringholidaysforacombinationofreasons.Moreover,itseemsthatthistrendwilllastintheforeseeablefuture. 

模板二

①描述图表②分三方面解释原因③下结论

1)Duringtheperiodfrom_______to_______,________rosefrom________to_______,while_______decreasedfrom_______to_______.

2)Webelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.First,____.Second,____.Third,_____.

3)___.Wearehappytoseethatthingsarebecomingbetterandbetternowadays.Wecanimaginethat___.

范文:

HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries

1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(1ifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况

2.说明引起变化的各种原因

HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries

Duringtheperiodfrom1960to1990,thelifeexpectancyofdevelopingcountriesrosefrom40yearstonearly60years,whileinfantmortalitydecreasedfrom200deathsper1000birthstoaround100.

Webelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.First,economydevelopsquicklyindevelopingcountriesduringthisperiod,andlivingqualityimprovessignificantlyasaresult.Second,people'shealthconditionsalsobecomebetterandbetterwiththedevelopmentofnationalhealthcaresystems.Whentheybecomericherandricher,theycaremoreaboutpersonalhealthconditions.Third,medicalsciencesalsodevelopatafantasticspeed,anditismuchsaferformotherstogivebirth.

Wearehappytoseethatthingsarebecomingbetterandbetternowadays.Wecanimaginethatpeoplewilllivelongerandtheinfantmortalitywillagainfall.[1996.6.CET-6]

模板三

①描述图表②解释图表③补充解释

1)Duringtheperiodbetween_______and________,________declinedabruptlyfrom_______to________,while________increasedsharplyfrom________to_______.

2)Severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Comparedwith_________ismuchcheaperandmoreconvenient__________.Apartfromthat,_________.

3)However,therearestillanumberofpeoplewho_________,generallyfortworeasons.Ontheonehand,________.Ontheotherhand,________.

范文:

FilmIsGivingWaytoTV

1.电影观众越来越少

2.电视观众越来越多,因为……

3.然而,还是有人喜欢看电影,因为……

FilmIsGivingWaytoTV

Duringtheperiodbetween1975and1985,film-goersdeclinedabruptlyfrom85,000toabout12,000,whileTV-watchersincreasedsharplyfrom5,000tomorethan100,000.

Severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Comparedwithafilm,TVismuchcheaperandmoreconvenient--youdon'thavetoleaveyourhouseatall.Apartfromthat,youhavemanychoiceswhilewatchingTV,butafilmconcentratesonacertaintopic.

However,therearestillanumberofpeoplewhoenjoygoingtothecinema,generallyfortworeasons.Ontheonehand,theaudio-visualeffectofacinemaismuchbetter.Ontheotherhand,inaquietandcomfortableplacesuchasacinema,youcanconcentrateonwhatyouarewatchingandgetthemostofthefilm.

 图表式作文写作模板

  Itisobviousinthegraphic/tablethattherate/number/amountofYhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).AtthepointofX1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof……(多少).Whatisthereasonforthischange?

Mainlythereare……(多少)reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraphic/table.Firstofall,……(第一个原因).Moreimportantly,……(第二个原因).Mostimportantofall,……(第三个原因).Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraphic/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).

  提纲式作文写作模板

  1、对立观点式

  A.有人认为X是好事,赞成X,为什么?

  B.有人认为X是坏事,反对X,为什么?

  C.我的看法。

  SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX.Theypointoutthefactthat支持X的第一个原因。

Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一个原因。

However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.TheyconsideritharmfultodoX.Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对

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