连词和介词.docx

1、连词和介词连词和介词 高考考试双向细目表 考试内容教学模块命题内容考查频度考查方式弱中强选择完型连词与介词连词表转折的并列连词表选择的并列连词表因果的并列连词引导名词性从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词特殊从属连词介词方位介词时间介词特例固定搭配 高考考查导向 考试内容教学模块命题内容考查频度考查方式弱中强选择完型连词与介词连词表转折的并列连词表选择的并列连词表因果的并列连词引导名词性从句的从属连词引导状语从句的从属连词特殊从属连词介词方位介词时间介词特例固定搭配并列连词 教学起点 高考趋式高考试题常设置特定语境考查热点介词和连词与介词的固定搭配及其变形。连词不能在句子里独立地担当句子成分、

2、而只能起连接作用，连接词与词，短语与短语、句子与句子。 互动研学 并列连词1表示转折关系的并列连词有but，yet，still，while，when (然而，偏偏) 等。例1：The car is very old but it runs very fast.这辆小汽车虽然很旧了，但跑得很快。例2：The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。例3：Why did you borrow the book when you had one?这本书你有一本，为什么偏偏还借呢?

3、例4：The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out.这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。例5：I explained twice, still he couldnt understand.我解释了两遍，然而他却还不懂。注意：while在表示转折关系时，往往连接内容和结构对称的句子。I love strong tea while my father loves coffee.我喜欢浓茶，然而我爸爸却喜欢咖啡。2. 表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, either，or，neithernor，otherwis

4、e等。例1：Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 你是想走呢还是想留？例2：Do you go to school by bus or on foot? 你上学是坐公共汽车还是走着去？例3：You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.你可以星期六来也可以星期天来。例4：Neither you nor I nor anyone else believes such things.不管你我或者其他任何人都不会相信这些事情。3. 表示因果关系的并列连词主要有so，for，therefore，

5、hence，thus，consequently，accordingly等。,例1：The air here is polluted, so the crops are dying.这里的空气受到了污染，所以庄稼正濒临枯萎。例2：The leaves of the trees are falling, for its already autumn.树叶在落，秋天已经到来了。4. 常用并列连词用法比较(1)bothand,eitheror和neithernorbothand意为“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常使用复数形式。eitheror意为“要么要么”，neithernor意为

6、“既不也不”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常和最邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例1：Both his brother and his sister are workers. 他的哥哥和姐姐都是工人。例2：Either he or I am right. 不是我就是他正确。例3：Neither the parents nor the child knows it. 父母和孩子都不知道。(2) not only but also和as well asnot only but also意为“不仅而且”，强调 but also之后连接的部分；as well as意为“也，和”，强调其前面的部

7、分。not onlybut also连接句子的两个主语时，谓语动词应和最邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，该结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个分句主谓要倒装。as well as只是一个插入语，谓语要与它前面的主语保持人称和数的一致。例1：I speak not only Chinese but also English. 我不仅说汉语也说英语。例2：I speak English as well as Chinese. 我说汉语也说英语。例3：Not only she but also her parents have visited Beijing.不仅她而且她的父母都参

8、观过北京。例4：Not only is he clever, but also he is hardworking. 他不但聪明还很用功。例5：She, as well as her parents, has visited Beijing.她还有她的父母都参观过北京。补充“注意”的内容Not only you but also I am fond of music. 不仅你而且我也喜欢音乐。巩固提升(2006北京)He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. and B.

9、 for C. but D. or点拨：B for是并列连词，引导并列分句，意为“因为”，表示附加的理由，是推测或判断的理由。根据句意可判断出由于他视力下降，所以他感到阅读的困难在增加。(2007全国) Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding.A. like B. as C. or D. but点拨：D notbut意为“不是而是”，表示“不是他们的年龄而是他们的教育引起的误解”Run quickly, _ youll catch

10、 up with others.A. or B. and C. because D. but点拨：B从句意理解，“快跑，你会赶上其他人。”表示并列连接。The dress was very expensive_ I didnt buy it.A. or B. and C. so D. but点拨：C本题第一、二分句之间需要一个表示因果关系的并列连词来连接。从属连词教学起点 从属连词通常引导一个从句，修饰主句。从属连词一般分为两类：引导名词性从句和状语从句的从属连词。互动研学 1. 引导名词性从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether等。Whether you agree that do

11、esnt matter. 你同意与否没关系。(whether引导主语从句)I didnt know that you would come. 我不知道你要来。(that引导宾语从句)I am wondering if you could help me不知你能否帮我一下。(if引导宾语从句)The question is whether they will ever become future Olympic champions.问题是他们究竟会不会成为未来的奥林匹克冠军。(whether引导表语从句)The suggestion that a new overpass be built re

12、quires discussing.建立天桥的建议需要讨论。(that引导同位语从句)2. 引导状语从句的从属连词(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when，while，as，after, before，until/till，since，as soon as等。When you came in, I was talking with a few boys.你进来时，我正和几个男孩谈话。It started to rain while we were playing outdoors.我们正在室外玩耍时，下起了雨。They laughed as they walked down the ri

13、ver. 他们沿着河边边走边笑。(2)引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要是where。I live where there are mountains. 我住在多山的地方。(3)引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because，since，as，in that, now that(既然)，seeing that(鉴于)等。Well have to go to bed early because well start off early tomorrow.因为明天一早就出发，所以我们只好早些睡觉。Since you know all about it, tell me please. 既然你都知道，那

14、就告诉我吧。As all seats were taken，I had to stand. 由于所有的位子都坐满了人，我只好站着。(4)引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if，unless，once等。I will be happy if you are happy. 如果你高兴我就高兴。We wont finish the work in time unless we work hard.除非我们努力工作，否则就不能及时完成这项工作。Once you have made your decision，you shouldnt change it.一旦做出决定就不要改了。(5)引导目的状语从句的从

15、属连词主要有in order that，so that，so等。In order that / So that we can arrive there on time，we should start off early.为了按时赶到那里，我们必须早出发。He played the piano very gently so that/in order that/so the baby could not be woken up. 为了不吵醒孩子，他轻轻地弹钢琴。注意：当主从句的主语一致时可以将从句变为in order to或so as to引导的目的状语，但in order to引导的目的状语，

16、可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，so asto引导的目的状语，只能置于句末，而不能置于句首。They started early in order to get there in time. ()In order to get there in time，they started early. ()They started early so as to get there in time. ()So to get there in time，they started early. ()他们早些出发以便及时到达那里。(6)引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although，though，ever i

17、f, even though等。Though/Although Canada is large，the population is small.尽管加拿大面积大，但人口少。He went to school though/although he was very ill.尽管他病得很重，但他还是去上学了。Even if/Even though we got a local guide，we still had some difficulty walking through the bush. 尽管我们找了一位当地向导，经过灌木丛时还是有一些困难。(7)引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有: so，

18、sothat，suchthat，so that等。My parents are expecting me，so I must be off now. 父母在等我，所以我得走了。He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper.他如此粗心以致试卷上忘了写名字。Dalian is such a beautiful city that a great many people go there for holidays.大连是如此美丽的城市，因此很多人到那里度假。The teacher explained very cle

19、arly so that we all understood.老师解释得如此清楚，因此我们都听懂了。(8)引导比较状语从句的从属连词有than，as(so)as等。China has larger population than India (does). 中国人口比印度多。He speaks English as well as Americans (do). 他的英语说得和大多数美国人一样好.Some people think that planes now are not so as safe as trains (are).有些人认为现在飞机没有火车安全。(9)引导方式状语从句的从属连

20、词主要有：as，as if, as though等。You should do as I do. 你应按我做的去做。She treated the boys as if he were her own son.她对待那小男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He walked about as though he had lost something.他到处走动着好像丢了什么东西。(10)特殊的从属连词分词转化为连词。如considering (考虑到，鉴于)，given (考虑到)，provided/providing (只要，如果)，supposing (假如)等；Considering hes onl

21、y been learning English a year he speaks it very well.考虑到他只学了一年英语，他讲得算是很流利了。Supposing he is not at home, what then? 假如他不在家，那怎么办?动词转化为介词/连词。如save that(只是)，suppose(假定)。I agree with you, save that you have got one or two facts wrong.我同意你的意见，只是你有一两处地方弄错了。副词转化为连词。如directly (一就)，immediately (一就)，instantly

22、 (一就) 。He came directly I called. 我打了电话他就来了。I left immediately the clock struck twelve. 钟刚敲12点，我就离开了。名词短语用作连词。如any moment (无论何时)，the day (当天)，each time (每次)，every time (每当)，the instant (一就)，the minute (一就)，next time (下次)，the way (正如的样子)等。Come and see us any moment you can. 什么时候有空请来看看我们。He called on

23、her the day he arrived他到的当天就去看她了。She smiles every time she sees me. 她见到我时总是面带微笑。巩固提升 (2007山东)_I really dont like art, I find his Work impressive.A. As B. Since C. If D. While点拨：D while意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然我真的不喜欢艺术，但我发现他的作品给人留下深刻的印象。Will you go to the cinema with me _ you are free?A. that B. till C.

24、if D. before点拨：C 从句意理解“如果你有空，你能和我一起去看电影吗？”表示条件。 _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as点拨：A 本题句中的 might as well 可用于提出建议，now that表原因，含义为“because of the fact that”，意为“既然”。John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his gr

25、and surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. So that D. as it点拨：C 根据从句中的“could”可以推断出“约翰把大家关在门外”的；目的是：“他能够为晚会准备他的惊喜”。方位介词教学起点 方位介词1. 图解方位介词 互动研学 例1：Be careful, there is a heavy box over your head.例2：The sun is above the mountain in the east.例3：There are some stamps on the desk.例4：The position he po

26、inted to was below the sea level.例5：The little mouse is under the table, so it is not easy to find it.例6：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.例7：The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Squ

27、are.2. at, in, on 表示“在处”。on表示位置时指“在之上”(有实际接触)，侧重把地点当作一个平面。例如；The authors name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名字。/There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。/I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街21号8楼。又如：on a bus/train/plane/ship/bicycle/horseback(在公交车上/火车上/飞机上/船上/自

28、行车上/马背上)，on the ceiling(在天花板上)，on the floor(在地板上)。注意如下固定搭配：on the radio(在收音机里)，on television(在电视里)，on the left(在左侧)，on the right(在右侧)，on the way(在途中)。at表示位置时指“在地方”，侧重把地点当作一个“点”。例如；At the corner(在角落处)，at the bus stop(在公共汽车站)，at the top of the page(在这页的顶端)，at the entrance(在进口处)，at the office(在办公室)，at

29、55 Boretz Road in Durham(在Durham的Boretz路门牌55号，注意表示地址要用at)，at class/home/school(根据使用习惯，class，home，school前面不加冠词，具有抽象含义，分别表示“在班上”、“在家里”、“在学校”的状态)。in表示位置时指“在里面”，侧重把地点当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间。例如：I live in London. 我住在伦敦(在大城市用in)，/I live in England，at London. 我住在英国伦敦(注意：England大过London)。/I live in a big city; my sister live at a small town. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小市镇