口译笔试中数字的处理和训练.docx

1、口译笔试中数字的处理和训练数字传译包括两个层次的能力要求，第一，对数字的敏感度（尤其是对数字的各种英文表达的迅速反映），训练的方法为看、听单纯的数字或包含数字的信息，用原语记下或复述该信息。第二，练习中英文数字单位的相互转换。 例如英文中没有单独的“万”和“亿”两个单位，我们在训练中必须有意识地在“万”和“亿”两个单位上下功夫。数字的准确，迅速翻译需要我们的大量的练习。一. 数字反应练习听数字对许多同学来讲是一个挑战。有时候在口译听力/翻译课堂上的一段练习做下来，问同学们听到几个数字，经常会有人摸摸脑袋不好意思地说：“啊？这一段里边儿出现数字啦？”象这样听到了都没反应过来，或者来不及反应， 比

2、如一串三四个数字只反应出来一二个，口译的过程就在此嘎然而止，至少也大大打了折扣，甭提接下来的中英文表达的转换了。而且数字一般都非常重要，在原语信息中属于statistics (统计类)之类。要提醒大家注意的是：有时宁可牺牲其它的细节也一定要确保数字翻译的完整和准确其重要性不得而知！好了，做做下面的数字反应练习吧！(口译课堂习惯做法)How to do this exercise: 1.选择适合自己的难度水平 （difficulty level I / II / III）1. 听原文（不看文本）， 记下所有的数字。2. 再听一遍 校对，补缺3. 有必要的话重复第二步。4. 实在听不出来的校对原文

3、。Difficulty Level I:1A: Will, what did you have for breakfast?1B: I had two scrambled eggs, two pieces of fresh toast, one cups of coffee and a grapefruit.2A: Jess, how tall are you?2B: Im about about five six. (Five feet six inches.)3A: When are you leaving, Jess?3B: Im leaving on Northwest flight

4、207 two o seven on Sunday the thirteenth.4A: AH756793 Will, is that your car?4B: No, mines over there: AM443350 double four double three five o 5A: What is the speed limit here, Jess?5B: Gee, slow down, Will! 50 fifty miles an hour, we are doing way over!6A: Whats todays exchange rate?6B: 150.8 one

5、five o point eight7A: Which gate should I go to for flight 1307 three o seven, please?7B: Gate 40. forty8A: Shall we meet at quarter to one, Jess?8B: Im afraid Ill be busy until quarter after two.9A: How much is 0.3258 naught point three two five eight to two decimal places?9B: .33 point three three

6、 10A: Thatll be $5.97 five dollars and ninety seven cents.10B: Im afraid I only have a $ 100 hundred dollar bill. Difficulty Level II:1. In 2001, Chinas GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual increase of 9.3 percent.2. Efforts will be made to q

7、uadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020.3. The earths moon is located an average of 239,000 miles from the earth. It has a diameter of 2,136 miles, and its gravity is one-sixth that of earths. 4. Unemployment has risen to over three million for the first time in six years and analysts expect the j

8、obless total to rise by a further 40,000 this month. Manufacturing output has meanwhile steadied, after a nought point five per cent decrease last month. 5. Except Xinjiang, output value of the secondary industry of other Chinese provinces occupies more than 40% of its GDP, while output value of the

9、 tertiary industry occupies more than 30% in most of the provinces. 6. Steel production this weektotalled327289metric tonnes, down1.4% from332103tonnes a week earlier but up9.8% from298100tonnes in the same week of2003.7. The amount of savings of urban and rural residents have increased over 71.4 pe

10、r cent from 21.06 billion yuan in 1978 to 1,520.35 billion yuan in 1993.8. As compared with the same period last year, the price of rice, wheat, maize and soybean rose by 16.2%, 18.1%, 22.8% and 29.5% respectively.9. With over 40,000 US-invested enterprises, the paid-in value of the total US investm

11、ent in China now stands at 43 billion US dollars. Of the top 500 US companies, more than 400 have come to China, and most of them are making a handsome profit.10. Chinas GDP in 1997 amounts to US$902 billion. This figure ranks No.7 behind USA (US$7819.3 billion), Japan (US$4223.4 billion), German (U

12、S$2115.4 billion), France (US$1393.8 billion), Britain (US$1278.4 billion) and Italy (US$ 1146.2 billion). From 1979 to 1997, Chinas average annual growth rate is 9.8 percent, 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the world.11. In 1999, Chinas gross domestic product (GDP), which came to only RMB

13、 362.41 billion yuan in 1978, amounted to 7955.3 billion yuan, 20-fold increase over 1978. China ranks No.7 in terms of total supply and demand and No.1 in terms of economic growth rate.12. China hit 9.1 percent in GDP growth in 2003, despite the impact of SARS epidemic, a record since the Asian Fin

14、ancial Crisis in the late 1990s. 13. China contributed to about four percent of the worlds total GDP in 2003 by consuming 7.4 percent of the oil, 31 percent of the coal, 27 percent of steel, 25 percent of alumina and 40 percent of the cement, consumed worldwide._参考译文及注解1) 二一年，我国国内生产总值达到九万五千九百三十三亿元，比

15、一九八九年增长近两倍，年均增长百分之九点三。注意triple（增长三倍）这样的以非数字形式出现的“数据”，特别要引起注意，类似的还有：double, quadruple, tertiary在中高级口译试题中均出现过。2) 国内生产总值到二二年力争比二年翻两番。3) 月亮离地球约有239，000英里远，其直径为2136英里，重力为地球的1/6。4) 失业人数六年来首次突破3百万。专家预测本月失业人数约新增4万，而制造业产量继上个月下跌百分之零点五之后已趋稳定。注意naught(nought) point five = 0.5 naught=0零的其他形式：zero, O, cypher (cip

16、her), nil, nothing, love (限于网球比分)5) 除新疆以外，中国其他省份的工业值占GDP的百分之四十几，而第三产业的产值在大部分省份中占有的比值均超过30%。6) 本周钢产量总数为327，289公吨，比上一周的332，103公吨下降1.4%，而与2003年同一周的数据298，100公吨比较增加了9.8%。7) 城乡居民的储蓄从1978年的210亿6千万元增加到1993年的1万5千2百零3亿5千万元，上升71.4个百分点。8) 与去年同期相比，米，麦，玉米，大豆的价格分别提升了16.2%，18.1%，22.8%和29.5%。9) 今天，美国在华投资设立企业超过4万家，实际

17、投资430亿美元。 美国500强企业中，已有400多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。10) 1997年中国的国民生产总值达到902 bn美元，在世界排名第七，仅次于美国（7819.3bn），日本（4223.4bn），德国（2115.4bn），法国（1393.8bn），英国（1278.4bn）和意大利（1146.2bn），从1979年到1997年，中国的平均年增长率的为9.8%，比世界平均值高出6.5个百分点注：billion（十亿）可缩写为bn，million为mn11) 1999年，中国的国内生产总值达到7955.3bn元，相比1978年的362.41bn元，增长了20倍。中国在总供给和需求

18、方面排名世界第七，而在经济增长率上排名第一注：20-fold 20倍 many-fold 许多倍12) 尽管有非典的影响，2003年中国的国内生产总值增长率达9.1%，创18世纪90年代后期亚洲金融危机以来的最高纪录。13) 2003年中国的GDP是世界总GDP的4%，消耗了世界7.4%的油，3.1%的煤，27%的钢，25%的氧化铝。Difficulty Level III:14. Saab, the Swedish automotive company, increased its profits by 10.9% in the first quarter of this year desp

19、ite of fall of 5% in group turnover.Profits after financial items rose to 2.45 bn Swedish Kronor (SK) (345 mn dollars) compared with 2.21bn Swedish Kronor in the first quarter of last year. The groups was helped by a 215 mn Swedish Kronor foreign-exchange gain on loanscompared with a gain of 30 mn S

20、wedish Kronor a year ealier-as well as by interest earnings of 109 million Swedish Kronor compared with 77 mn Swedish Kronor in the first quarter of last year. Operating profits were virtually unchanged at 2.13 bn Swedish Kronor compared with 2.1bn Swedish Kronor in the first quarter of last year. S

21、aab expects to make a productivity gain this year of at least 5%.The groups liquid funds, inflated by the record profits of the past 2 years, climbed to 18.25 bn Swedish Kronor by the end of the first last year from 14.4 bn Swedish Kronor a year earlier. 15. 本篇可用于练跟读和短时记忆：COUNTRYAREAPOPULATIONALBANI

22、A28,7503,200,000AUSTRIA83,8557,600,000BELARUS208,00010,200,000BELGIUM30,2509,913,000BOSNIA51,1294,479,000BULGARIA110,9108,970,000CROATIA56,5384,683,000CYPRUS9,250673,000CZECH. REP.78,92210,350,480DENMARK43,0695,140,000ESTONIA45,0651,571,000FINLAND336,0004,970,000FRANCE543,96556,100,000GEORGIA70,0006

23、,379,000GREECE131,98510,000,000HUNGARY93,03010,611,000ICELAND103,000244,000IRELAND68,8953,537,195ITALY301,19157,600,000LUXEMBOURG2,586400,000MACEDONIA25,7132,111,000MALTA316370,000MOLDOVA36.0414,341,000MONACO1.9029,876MONTENEGRO13,812639,000NETHERLANDS41,78514,890,000NORWAY323,8954,190,758POLAND312,

24、68538,200,000PORTUGAL92,08210,400,000ROMANIA237,50023,174,000RUSSIA17,075,400147,386,000SERBIA55,9689,830,000二 数字的转换（Switch Numbers）让我们看一看英汉数字单位的对应表 (新东方口译教研组专用）thou=thousand mn=million bn=billion1一One10十Ten100百One hundred1，000千1 thou10，000万10 thou100，000十万100 thou1，000，000百万1 mn 10,000,000千万10 mn10

25、0,000,000亿100 mn1,000,000,000十亿1 bn10,000,000,000百亿10 bn100,000,000,000千亿100 bn1,000,000,000,000万亿1 trillion千以内的数字转换相对比较简单，千亿以外的数字转换在口译中不太常见，所以我们尤其要在万到千亿这个范围内的数字转换上下功夫。数字单位必须苦练，才能做到在口译中数字已出现，相应的单位（中或英）就在脑海中反应出来。一开始可以像口诀一样有节奏地念：one thou, ten thou, hundred thouone mil, ten mil, hundred mil,one bil, te

26、n bil, hundred,bil而在念的同时脑子迅速反映它的对应汉语单位。把这些数字单位搞熟了，口译中碰到大数字就不会慌，就能从容应对，按上述表中的数字对应规律把第一节练习中出现的所有数字迅速以目标语的正确单位翻出。一遍不行再练一遍，成百上千遍地练，最终达到“不经思索，脱口而出”的地步。 在上海新东方的口译课堂上，我会让学生们找一些对自己make sense的数字作为参照系，帮助强化记忆。比如：万 = 月薪级 96年时，一个朋友，南航的一个经理，刚从国内辞职出来读书，他辞去的那份工作月收入有RMB一万元（10thou）, 而自己还在打7/小时的工，好佩服他啊！ 月薪一万（=10thou）就

27、在我脑子里留下了深刻印象。以后碰到万级的数字，就马上跳出月薪10thou这个符号，以此作参照，推出中文里边的万在英文里是：thou 前面一定是10-99这么个范围内， 即两位数。如： 两万 = 20thou 三万 = 30 thou 五万五= 55 thou 长的数字出来也不怕：九万二千三百七十六，你一听到是万字级别的，就能脱口而出 90 something thou反正thou前面的那个数字一定是两位数, 头开好了，接下来千、百、十一个个说出来就都不是问题。right?以下的参照仅供参考： 十万 = polo一辆 hundred thou (十万级的 车 （中国） 如：三四十万 = Audi 3hundred thou / 4 hundred thou)百万 = 现成单位 (记住百万富翁就好了) millionaire 1mn 千万 = 上海人口 （现约一千七百万） 17mn亿 = 佘山紫园别墅1号（1.3亿） 130mn十亿 = 中国人口 (13亿) 现成单位 1.3bn 百亿 = 211工程拨款 10bn千亿 = 中美贸易2003年突破 千亿 100bn你所选的参照物不一定是百分百的事实数字，但一定是一些能给你留下深刻印象的数字（比如说“神秘”紫园别墅的天价等等）帮助强化记忆，或者是身边常常看到的东西（一辆小polo开过去了，你脱口而出：100thou）